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geography- paper 3 > people and the biosphere > Flashcards

people and the biosphere Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

biosphere

A

living layer of earth where all plants and animals are found

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2
Q

biomes

A

a large scale ecosystem

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3
Q

latitude

A

measure how far north or south a location on the earths surface is from the equator

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4
Q

taiga biome

A

-north america, europe, asia
-northern hemisphere
-not close to equator
(russia, mongolia, japan, canada)
-cold temperature
-both precipitation

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5
Q

taiga vegetation

A

coniferous trees (pine)

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6
Q

deciduous forest

A

-north america, europe, asia
-northern hemisphere
-not close to equator
(uk)
-middle temperature
-rain

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7
Q

deciduous vegetation

A

deciduous trees (oak)

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8
Q

tropical rainforest

A

-south america, africa, asia
-north and south hemisphere
-close to equator
(brazil, congo, australia)
-hot temperature
-high precipitation

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9
Q

tropical vegetation

A

evergreen trees

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10
Q

tundra

A

-north america, asia, europe
-north hemisphere
-not close to equator
(canada, russia)
-cold temperature
-low precipitation

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11
Q

tundra vegetation

A

grasses, lichens, no trees

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12
Q

grasslands

A

-africa
-north and south hemisphere
-close to equator
(australia)
-hot temperature
-both precipitation

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13
Q

grasslands vegetation

A
  • short/ tall grasses

- few trees

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14
Q

desert

A

-africa
-north and south hemisphere
-not close to equator
(egypt)
-hot temperature
-low precipitation

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15
Q

desert vegetation

A

small amount of cacti and succulents

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16
Q

climate effects the growth of plants

A
  • plants need temp over 5°
  • precipitation and water availability is important
  • sunshine hours and intensity affect photosynthesis
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17
Q

what is controlled by latitude

A

sunlight intensity
temperature
precipitation

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18
Q

location near the equator

A

-warmer than poles
(intense sunlight)
-high angle sun rays

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19
Q

precipitation is high

A

-rising parts of convection cells

air pressure = low

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20
Q

precipitation is low

A

-descending parts of convection cells

air pressure = high

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21
Q

rock and soil type affect uk ecosystem

A

-acidity / alkalinity of soil influence the plant growth

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22
Q

water availability and drainage affect uk ecosystem

A

how wet the soil is:

  • precipitation
  • evaporation
  • permeable soil
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23
Q

altitude affect uk ecosystem

A
  • temp drops 6.5° every 1000m increase in height

- rainfall increases with height

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24
Q

biotic

A

living parts

animals and plants

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25
abiotic
non living parts | atmosphere and water
26
biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystem
1)energy provided by photosynthesis 2)plants take in CO2 and release 02 animals take in O2 and release CO2 3)energy flows along food web 4)water moves through soil,plants, animals to atmosphere (via respiration and evaporation) 5)when plants and animals die, decomposition returns nutrients to soil 6)weathering of rocks provide soil nutrients
27
importance of healthy ecosystem
-maintain healthy atmosphere globally (trees take in co2 and store carbon)
28
indigenous people
original people of region that lead traditional lifestyles and use area to survive
29
indigenous people use
- wood for cooking fires | - plants and wild honey for medicines
30
sustainable life - efe people | environmentally
- small carbon footprint | - plants for food and medicine
31
sustainable life - efe people | socially
- strong community | - little outside influence
32
sustainable life - efe people | economically
-sells meat to others in region | trade items
33
slash and burn farming
- farmers clear areas by cutting and burning - ash from burning adds nutrients to soil - land is farmed for 5-6 years - soil becomes infertile and farmers move to a new area
34
large areas of biomes are cleared for:
- commercial farming (beef and cattle) - commercial crops (palm oil and cocoa beans) - mining metal ores (copper and iron) - timber (paper, furniture and wood) - construction of dams (HEP)
35
carbon sink
natural stores for carbon
36
good carbon sink
biomes
37
carbon sequestration
storing carbon by removing co2 from atmosphere and locking it up in biotic material
38
what makes carbon sequestration happen?
photosynthesis
39
hydrological cycle provides
humans with clean reliable water supply
40
precipitation
rain
41
percolation
water through soil
42
transpiration
carried through trees
43
evaporation
ocean into air
44
condensation
condensing
45
natural resources have a
increase in demand
46
use of resource implications on biosphere
``` -biomes are destroyed (land for farming, housing, factories) -degrade biomes (obtaining timber, fish, hunted animals) -pollute wild environment (humans use of natural resources) ```
47
1975
population: 4.1 billion av income: $3700 per person urbanisation: 38%
48
2015
population: 7.3 billion ah income: $10,400 per person urbanisation: 55%
49
china industrialisation
1998- no high speed railway | 2015- 19,000km of railway
50
india industrialisation
2000- 6 million cars | 2015- 30 million cars
51
thailand industrialisation
urban population= 1990- 17 million 2025- 34 million
52
south korea industrialisation
1980- 11kg meat eaten | 2013- 43kg meat eaten
53
asia water consumption growth
70% increase
54
asia oil consumption growth
220% increase
55
asia coal consumption growth
64% increase
56
asia meat consumption growth
513% increase
57
asia population growth
1975->2015 | = 2 billion more people
58
pessimistic population theory
(malthus) - population growth will mean planet will run out of energy food and water - thomas malthus - club of rome - john beddington
59
optimistic population theory
(boserup) - population grows then humans will invent new technologies for food - ester boserup
60
crisis
quality of resources= low | quantity= too small

geography- paper 3 (5 decks)

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