Peoples Health - Facts Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
What percentage of the population did the Black Death kill in England?
A
- It killed 30-60% of the population.
2
Q
How were the living conditions in towns during rapid industrialisation?
A
- Horrific and worse for the working class.
3
Q
What was a major problem concerning animals in towns?
A
- Animal dung was a big problem, and rakers were paid to remove it.
4
Q
Who was approved to create new sewers in London, and when did they open?
A
- Bazalgette, in 1865.
5
Q
Who were ‘gongfermers’?
A
- People paid to remove human waste from latrines and cesspits.
6
Q
What caused a large class divide between rich, middle class, and working-class people during the Industrial Revolution?
A
- Industrialisation and urbanisation.
7
Q
What did the Cholera Bill of 1846 encourage?
A
- Property owners to connect homes to the sewers.
8
Q
What did the 1604 Plague Act enforce?
A
- It extended help to the sick and imposed harsh punishments for those who ignored isolation.
9
Q
How was human waste typically removed during rapid industrialisation?
A
- Night soil men emptied the privies.
10
Q
What was Edwin Chadwick’s 1842 report called?
A
- The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population.
11
Q
What kind of housing was built to address housing issues, and how did it change in 1980?
A
- Modern council housing, including ‘high-rise’ flats, were built. In 1980, the ‘right to buy’ was introduced, reducing the number of council houses for the poor.
12
Q
How often were plague outbreaks in Britain?
A
- Roughly every 20 years.
13
Q
What type of housing was common and a health hazard during rapid industrialisation?
A
- Overcrowded lodging houses or back-to-back houses.
14
Q
How did new technology affect food access and storage?
A
- New technology allowed easier access to food, with supermarkets reducing costs and advancements in refrigerators and freezers extending food storage time.
15
Q
Who had more access to new resources in Early Modern England?
A
- The rich.
16
Q
How did water companies control access to water?
A
- By providing piped water or pumps, often from filthy rivers.
17
Q
How did peasants make their water safe to drink?
A
- They drunk a lot of ale and cider which killed bacteria and germs.
18
Q
What major outbreak occurred in 1665, and what was its impact?
A
- The Great Plague; it killed 15% of London’s population.
19
Q
How was the spread of Spanish Flu in 1918-19 exacerbated?
A
- It was spread by returning soldiers from the First World War.
20
Q
What year did Henry VIII issue a proclamation to identify and isolate plague houses?
A
- 1518.
21
Q
What measures did the government take to improve housing conditions in the twentieth century?
A
- The government banned back-to-back houses in 1909 and passed a law to remove slums in 1930.
22
Q
Why were open fire a health hazard?
A
- Open hearths caused lots of smoke.
23
Q
Who did the King give land to in Medieval England?
A
- The King gave land to the barons.
24
Q
What major public health acts were passed in the twentieth century?
A
- The 1908 Old Age Pensions Act, the creation of the National Health Service in 1948, and the 2007 Smoking Ban.
25
What Act encouraged towns to clean up sewers and water in 1848?
* The 1848 Public Health Act.
26
How did wealth and trade affect the rich’s health?
* They had access to new products like sugar that affected their health.
27
What was a common material for heating houses in towns and cities that created pollution?
* Coal.
28
Why did increased public health laws become unpopular with some people?
* Some people didn’t like the government interfering with their lives, known as 'nanny-state', and these measures have a significant cost to taxpayers.
29
Medieval England was a strictly ordered society. Who held the most power?
* The King held the most power.
30
How did the government respond to the AIDS crisis in the 1980s?
* The government issued free HIV checks at hospitals and launched a wide media campaign to improve understanding.
31
What major technological advancements occurred in the twentieth century in Britain?
* Advancements included improvements in technology from cars to mobile phones, from the Internet to refrigerators.
32
What was a common belief about health in Medieval England?
* People believed in ideas like the Greeks' four humours.
33
What did Judith Defour do?
* She sold her kids clothes to buy Gin
34
Where did peasants get their water from?
* Peasants got their water from streams or springs.
35
Why did some sewers overflow during rapid industrialisation?
* Increased use of flushing toilets by the rich and middle classes.
36
How did the average working hours change for workers in twentieth-century Britain?
* Workers had easier lives with less average working hours per week and moved away from manual work.
37
What was the population growth in Britain from 1900 to 2000?
* The population grew from 37 million in 1900 to 58 million in 2000.
38
What actually caused cholera?
* A water-borne disease due to a lack of effective sewage.
39
What significant right did the working class gain in 1867?
* The vote.
40
What major societal shift led to overcrowding in cities during the Industrial Revolution?
* Urbanisation.
41
Who proved that cholera was a waterborne disease and in what year?
* John Snow in 1854.
42
What were some of the treatments for the Black Death?
* Prayer, flagellation, bleeding, camomile lotion.
43
On what did peasants in the countryside depend?
* Peasants depended on a good harvest.
44
Where were public latrines often found in Medieval towns?
* Public latrines were often in the town square.
45
What groups were particularly affected by fear during the AIDS crisis, and how were they unfairly treated?
* The gay community was blamed and faced significant stigma.
46
What were 'middens' or 'cesspits' used for?
* They were used for dealing with waste.
47
What law was passed to address pollution and smog, and what was its effect?
* The Clean Air Act of 1952 was passed to reduce smog, but the increase in car use has made the problem worse.
48
Where did the rich get their water from for the first time?
* Water was piped into their homes.
49
What were 'conduits' used for in some towns?
* Conduits provided clean water.
50
Who were responsible for cleaning household waste in the Early Modern period?
* Scavengers.
51
When did the government start moving away from a laissez-faire attitude?
* After the 1850s.
52
What happened in 1315 causing widespread famine?
* A bad harvest led to the Great Famine.
53
What were the obesity statistics in Britain in 2013?
* In 2013, 44% of men and 33% of women were classified as overweight.
54
When did cholera strike England in the 19th century?
* 1831, 1848, 1853, and 1866.
55
What is the term for the government's increased role in helping the public with laws and welfare in twentieth-century Britain?
* The welfare state.
56
What year saw a significant increase in alcohol problems due to gin drinking?
* After 1660.
57
What were the rules issued by the Privy Council in 1578 known as?
* Plague Orders.
58
What percentage of people lived in the countryside in Medieval England?
* 90% of people lived in the countryside.
59
Which areas were most affected by the Black Death?
* Towns were worst affected.
60
How did scientific and religious beliefs change in twentieth-century Britain?
* Religious beliefs declined while scientific ideas increased.
61
What did towns build more of after the Black Death to improve public health?
* Towns passed more laws for latrines and conduits to be built.
62
What harsh law was passed in 1751 to control illegal gin selling?
* The 1751 Gin Act.
63
What kind of food did the working classes live on during rapid industrialisation?
* Potatoes, bread, and butter.
64
What were some believed causes of the Black Death?
* God's anger, miasma, the planets, or earthquakes.
65
What remained largely the same for the poor during the Early Modern period?
* Living conditions.
66
What mode of transportation connected different communities during the Industrial Revolution?
* Railways.
67
When was the 1875 Public Health Act passed and what did it make towns responsible for?
* 1875, towns were responsible for water supply, sewers, rubbish collection, and public toilets.
68
Who had clean water for religious ceremonies in Medieval towns?
* Religious communities, such as monasteries or cathedrals.
69
Who proved germs cause disease and in what year?
* Louis Pasteur in 1861.
70
What new product brought by trade influenced health during the Early Modern period?
* Sugar.
71
How much did Britain's population grow from 1850 to 1900?
* Britain's population grew from 21 million to 37 million.
72
How many people did the Spanish Flu kill in Britain?
* It killed 228,000 people in Britain.
73
What did Edwin Chadwick's 1842 report challenge the government to do?
* Reduce poverty and improve public health.
74
What was a significant scientific development in Early Modern England?
* People began to search for a scientific way of understanding the world, such as Robert Hooke using the microscope.
75
What was the population growth in Early Modern England by 1750?
* The population grew to 6 million in 1750.
76
What did the introduction of the printing press allow?
* It allowed books to be made quickly and cheaply.
77
Whose scientific thinking influenced people to change their religious beliefs during the Industrial Revolution?
* Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
78
What did people initially believe caused cholera?
* Miasma or punishment from God.
79
What were most peasants' houses made from?
* Most peasants built homes from mud and sticks (wattle and daub).
80
How was the Black Death actually transmitted?
* It was caused by a germ passed on by the bite of a flea that lived on rats.
81
What major event in 1858 led to new sewers being built in London?
* The Great Stink.
82
What was a common health issue caused by bread in the peasants' diet?
* Fungus on rye bread led to ergotism for some.
83
What was used to power factories during the Industrial Revolution?
* Steam engines.
