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Introduction to Computing > Peopleware > Flashcards

Peopleware Flashcards

1
Q

software is also called a p___r__.

[NOTES]
- It consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform
and how to perform them

  • It has a g___h___l u__r i____f__e (GUI) which is used to interact
    with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as
    icons.
A

program

graphical user interface

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2
Q

2 Categories of Software:

  1. S__t_m S_______
  2. A_p__a___n S_______
A

System Software

Application Software

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3
Q
  • category of software that consists of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

[NOTES]
- it serves as the i____f__e between the user, the application
software, and the computer’s hardware.

A

system software

interface

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4
Q

2 Types of System software
• O___r____ s____m
• U____t_ p___r___s or t___s

A

Operating system

Utility programs or tools

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5
Q

an o______ s_____ (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among
computer hardware resources.

[NOTES]
- Provides a means for users to communicate with the computer and
other software.
- OS that a computer uses is called the p______r_.

A

operating system

platform

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6
Q

a c____-p_____ p______ is one that runs the same on multiple

operating systems.

A

cross-platform program

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7
Q

B_____g is the process of starting or restarting a computer.

A

booting

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8
Q

C___ b__t is a process of starting a computer or mobile device
from a state when it is powered off completely.

A

cold boot

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9
Q

W___ b__t is the process of restarting a computer or mobile

device while it remains powered on.

A

warm boot

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10
Q

b___ d____e is the drive from which personal computer starts,
which typically is an internal hard drive, such as a hard disk or
SSD.

A

boot drive

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11
Q

b___ d___ or a r___o___y d__k is a special disk that contains a
few system files that will start the computer.

A

boot disk or a recovery disk

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12
Q

2 Shut down option modes:

  1. S___p m___
  2. H____n__e m___e
A

Sleep mode

Hibernate mode

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13
Q

shut down option mode where it saves any open documents and running programs or apps to RAM,
turns off all unneeded functions and places the computer in a low-power state

A

Sleep mode

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14
Q

shut down option mode where it saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal an HARD DRIVE before removing power from the computer or device

A

Hibernate mode

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15
Q

u___ i____f____ (UI) controls how user enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

[NOTES]
- User interact with software through its user interface.

A

user interface

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16
Q

2 TYPES OF USER INTERFACE:

  1. G____c__ U___ I____f____ (GUI)
  2. C___n_-L___ I_____c_ (CLI)
A

Graphical User Interface

Command-Line Interface

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17
Q

user interface which interact with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other
graphical objects to issue commands.

[NOTES]
a GUI designed for touch input
sometimes is called a touch user interface

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

18
Q

user interface in which user types commands represented
by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys to enter
data and instructions. When working with a CLI, the set of commands
used to control actions is called the command language.

A

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

19
Q

s_____ t____i__ operating system allows only one program or

app to run at a time.

A

single tasking

20
Q

m___t____s___g operating system allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time.

[NOTES]
When a computer is
running multiple programs concurrently, one program is in the
foreground and the others are in the background.

A

multitasking

21
Q

m___u___r operating system enables two or more users to run
programs simultaneously.

[NOTES]
-Networks, servers, mainframes and supercomputers allow hundreds to
thousands of users to connect at the same time, and thus are multiuser.

A

multiuser

22
Q

m____p______g operating system supports two or more
processors running programs at the same time.

[NOTES]
-Involves the coordinated processing of programs by more than one
processor

A

multiprocessing

23
Q

M____y M_______t purpose is to optimize the use of a computer or
device’s internal memory. OS allocates, or assigns, data and instructions to an
area of memory while they are being processed.

A

Memory Management

24
Q

V____l M____y is used when OS allocates a portion of a storage medium, such as a hard drive or a USB flash drive, to function as additional RAM.

[NOTES]
- The area of the hard drive used for virtual memory is called a swap file because it swaps data, information, and instructions between memory and storage. A page is the amount of data and program instructions that can be swapped at a given time.

  • The technique of swapping items between memory and storage, called paging, is a time-consuming process for the computer. When an operating system spends much of its time paging it is said to be thrashing.
A

Virtual Memory

25
Q

b_____r is a segment of memory or storage in which items are placed
while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output
device.

A

buffer

26
Q

s______g is a process that sends documents to be printed to a buffer
instead of sending them immediately to the printer. Multiple documents line up in a queue in the buffer. Print spooler intercepts documents to be printed from the OS and places them in the queue.

A

spooling

27
Q

d____r or d____e d____r is a small program that tells the

operating system how to communicate with a specific device.

A

driver or device driver

28
Q

p___ a__ p___y means the OS automatically configures new

devices as you install or connect them.

A

Plug and Play

29
Q

p___f_____n___ m__i___r is a program that assesses and reports
information about various computer resources and devices

[NOTES]
Information in performance reports helps users and administrators identify a problem with resources so that they
can try to resolve any issues.

A

performance monitor

30
Q

s____r o____t___g s____m is an operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.

A

server operating system

31
Q

the n_____k a_____i_____r uses the server OS to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the
network. He/she also uses the operating
system on the network to configure the network, install software, and administer network security.

A

network administrator

32
Q

p________s define who can access certain resources and when they can
access those resources.

A

permissions

33
Q

u___ n____ or u___ I_ is a unique combination of characters that identifies a
specific user

A

user name or user ID

34
Q

P_______d is a private combination of characters associated with the user
name that allows access to certain computer, mobile device, or network
resources

A

password

35
Q

3 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

  1. D_____-d_____t p_____m
  2. P___r____y s____a__
  3. D____-i_______d___ O_
A

Device-dependent program
Proprietary software
Device-independent OS

36
Q

type of operating system that one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device.

A

Device-dependent program

37
Q

type of operating system that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model.

A

Proprietary software

38
Q

type of operating system that run on computers provided by a variety of manufacturers

A

Device-independent OS

39
Q

3 BASIC CATEGORIES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:

  1. D_____p or S___d-A____e
  2. S_____r
  3. M_____e
A

Desktop or Stand-Alone
Server
Mobile

40
Q

d_____p o______g s_____m is also called a stand-alone operating system

[NOTES]
- A complete operating system that works on a desktop, laptops,
and some tablets.
- Sometimes called client operating systems because they also
work in conjunction with a server OS. It can operate with or without a network
- Examples: Windows 10, macOS, UNIX, Linux, and Chrome OS

A

desktop operating system

41
Q

L___x is a popular multitasking UNIX-based OS that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, devices, and singleboard computers. It is an open source software, which means its code is provided for use, modification and
redistribution.

A

linux

Introduction to Computing (1 decks)

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