perception Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is perception in psychology?
Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment.
True or False: Perception is solely based on sensory input.
False: Perception involves interpretation and organization of sensory input.
Fill in the blank: The __________ theory suggests that perception is influenced by expectations and prior knowledge.
top-down
What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing is data-driven and relies on sensory input, while top-down processing is influenced by prior knowledge and expectations.
What is the Gestalt principle of figure-ground?
The figure-ground principle states that we tend to separate elements of a visual scene into a focal object (figure) and its background (ground).
Which Gestalt principle states that we perceive objects that are close together as belonging to a group?
Proximity
What is the term for the process of interpreting and making sense of sensory information?
Cognition
True or False: Perception can be influenced by cultural factors.
True
What is sensory adaptation?
Sensory adaptation is the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus as a consequence of constant exposure to that stimulus.
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for visual perception?
The occipital lobe
What is the term for the ability to focus on a particular object in the presence of multiple distractions?
Selective attention
Fill in the blank: __________ is the phenomenon where a stimulus is perceived differently based on the context in which it is presented.
Contextual perception
What is the term for the failure to notice a fully visible but unexpected object because attention was engaged on another task?
Inattentional blindness
Which visual illusion demonstrates how context can affect perception?
The Müller-Lyer illusion
True or False: All individuals perceive stimuli in the same way.
False
What is the role of the thalamus in perception?
The thalamus acts as a relay station, directing sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain.
What is the term for the perception of a stimulus that is not present?
Hallucination
What is the term for the phenomenon where an individual’s perception of a stimulus is influenced by their emotions?
Emotional perception
Fill in the blank: The __________ effect occurs when the presence of one stimulus alters the perception of another stimulus.
contrast
What is the main focus of psychophysics in psychology?
Psychophysics focuses on the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.
True or False: Perception is a static process.
False: Perception is dynamic and can change based on context and experience.
What is the term for the perceptual phenomenon where two identical stimuli are perceived differently due to surrounding cues?
Perceptual set
Which theory explains color perception based on three types of cones in the retina?
Trichromatic theory
Fill in the blank: The __________ theory explains how we perceive color through opposing pairs of colors.
Opponent-process
