Perception

Question 1

What are feature detectors

Answer 1

Cells that respond to specific features for example, cells that fire only in response to a straight vertical line or a cell that fires only in response to a 45 degree line

Question 2

What is the problem of partial view

Answer 2

We can recognize an object even when we do not see all of its eatures

Question 3

Is the object recognition and percetion solely dependent on the visual input?

Answer 3

No there is also alayer of interpretation, we are active perceivers and there must more to the literal input. Like the incomplete triangle but still can be perceived as one Or perhaps we recognize and filter only the important features for object recognition

Question 4

What is the Gestalt physchology

Answer 4

a school of psychology that emphasized that organization is an essential feature of all mental acitvity

Question 5

what does it mean the way we parse an object

Answer 5

parsing is how we separate the scne into individual objects and then linking them to each other and not to parts of another object

Question 6

What are some cues to help us parse an image properly

Answer 6

local and global information so info about the features and the large scale pattern

1) similarity cues
2) proximity
3) Good conitnuation
4) closure
5) Simplicity

Question 7

What are proximity cues

Answer 7

The closer objects are the more liekly we will group them together

Question 8

What are good continuationc ues

Answer 8

tendency to perceive contours in a way that alters their direction in as little as possible

Question 9

What are subjective contours

Answer 9

perceived contours that do not exist physcially like the triangle with pac man. we cna fill in gaps and perceive them as continous

Question 10

What is simplicity cues

Answer 10

Tendency to interpret a orm in the simplest way as possible.

Question 11

What is figure and ground organization

Answer 11

object and backrgound

Not as simple as we think all the time like in the reversible images, can be dependent on the active perceiver

Question 12

Visual perception are not random T or F

Answer 12

True, there is some sort of logic and visual rules for organization that is subjective and could change depending onthe experiences of the person

Question 13

What are some of the other rules for logical interpretations

Answer 13

1) not contradictory to the big picture

2) interpretations that can explain the whole picture

Question 14

what is a visual search task

Answer 14

a task in which the participant i asked to determine whether a specified target is preent in the field of stimulus

Question 15

What is a feature net

Answer 15

A hierarchichal model of pattern recognition that involves a network of detectors that has feature detectors at the lowest level.

Question 16

What are two popssible directions of the feature net models

Answer 16

Either inut/data driven or knowledge driven models

can work together is not one or the other

Question 17

What are the two categories of ganglion cells in the eye

Answer 17

parvo cells and magno cells

Question 18

What are parvo cells

Answer 18

parvo meaning small and these cover/blanket the retina way more than magno cells
sensitive to differences in hue so important for colour and form perception

Question 19

Magno cells

Answer 19

magno being big and are relatively few in the retina, mainly in the retina’s periphery.
These are sensitive to the braightness changes and so they are impt for motion and depth perception

Question 20

Why is there parallel processing for visual pathway

Answer 20

greater speed in recognition, can detect different features at once and the information can help underdtand each toher
can otherwise explain the simultaenous top down and data driven interpretation

Question 21

What is the what system

Answer 21

the visual pathway that leads to the temporal lobe often telling what the object is

Question 22

where system

Answer 22

visual pathway that leads from the visual cortex to the parietal lobe to tell location of objects

Question 23

binding problem

Answer 23

the problem of how the brain actually combines the elements of a stimulus detected by different stimulus

Question 24

neural synchrony

Answer 24

differnt groups of neurons firing in synchorny

evidence that might help solve the binding problem

Question 25

perceptual constancy

Answer 25

no matter the change in proximal stimulus we cna still perceive certain constant attributes of an object

Question 26

Helmholst's unconscious inference

Answer 26

explains that the brain in also making adujstments and caluclations to maintain the perception of constacy

Question 27

What are some depth cues

Answer 27

1) binocular cues: binocular disparity 2)monocular cues: Focusing and natural adjustment of the eye lens Pictorial cues (interposition, linear perspective, texture gradients 3) motion parallax and optic flow

Question 28

what is motion parallax cue

Answer 28

the depth cue that near objects move by faster than far objects

Question 29

motion detectors

Answer 29

cells that fire in response to movement in a certain direction

Question 30

apparent movement

Answer 30

the perception of movement prouced by stimuli that are stationary but are presented at one location then the next and different time intervals.

Question 31

How do we achieve position constancy

Answer 31

unconscious inference will take into account the movement of our eye!

Question 32

How does induced motion demonstrate that interpretation is impt to motion perception

Answer 32

Like we tend to perceive that the smaller object framed by the bigger object is moving and not the other way aroudn

Question 33

Correspondence problem

Answer 33

which part of this view is the same from the lasst view

Question 34

What experiment and feature can show that there is a bidning problem in attention

Answer 34

illusory conjuctions, they can perceive the separate features but cannot correctly match which is which