Perception and actionn1

Question 1

What is the main question of perception and action?

Answer 1

do we perceive to act or do we act to perceive?

Question 2

Why do we perceive the world?

Answer 2

All thinking (perception) is in the service of action - we perceive the world to guide our action

Question 3

Explain what a seaquirt does

Answer 3

larva swim around using nervous system
Once anchored, it digests its own nervous system during metamorphosis - doesn’t need nervous system because it is not moving

Question 4

What is the ecological approach to perception and what are its major points?

Answer 4

approach by J.J gibson
traditional laboratory research on perception was not ecologically valid
Movement creates perceptual information
We make use of invariant information in the environment for processing

Question 5

What does it mean by traditional research was not ecologically valid?

Answer 5

observers not allowed to move their heads
Ignored interaction between perception and action - it is fundamental

Question 6

What is optic flow?

Answer 6

Appearence of objects as observer moves past them

Question 7

What are the two components of optic flow?

Answer 7

Gradient of flow
Focus of expansion

Question 8

What is gradient of flow?

Answer 8

difference in flow as a function of distance from observer
Used to determine speed of motion

Question 9

What is an example of gradient of flow?

Answer 9

Things closer and out to the side appear to move faster

Question 10

What is focus of expansion?

Answer 10

point in distance where there is no flow (invariant) - determine where we are moving towards

Question 11

What is the self-produced information from perception and action?

Answer 11

Perception (flow) and action (e.g movement) interact
Movement –> flow –> produces information to further guide movement

Question 12

What was the backflip experiment? what did it show?

Answer 12

Backflips can be performed by learning a predetermined sequence of moves
Expert gymnasts performed worse with their eyes closed - use vision to correct their trajectory - integrate perception
Novice gymnasts do not

Question 13

What is an example of multisensory integration for perception?

Answer 13

people put in the swinging room

Question 14

What was the swinging room experiment?

Answer 14

Participants placed in swinging room
Floor was stationary but walls and ceiling swung back and forth
Movement creates optic flow

Question 15

What happened when the room moved towards the person ?

Answer 15

suggests that you are falling toward to you correct and fall backwards

Question 16

What happened when the wall was moving away from person?

Answer 16

person sways forward to compensate

Question 17

What direction is the flow moving when wall is moving towards person?

Answer 17

Outwards

Question 18

What direction is the flow moving when wall is moving away from person?

Answer 18

inwards

Question 19

What did the study on multi-sensory integration and the moving room show?

Answer 19

13 to 16 month-old children swayed back and forth in response to flow patterns
Adults show same response as children
Results show that vision has a powerful effect on balance and even overrides other senses that provide feedback about body placement and posture

Question 20

What did the vision-movement-balance study of visual kinaesthesis do? What did they find?

Answer 20

either trolley with person on it, room, or both can move

Person can tell if they are moving forward or back with a blindfold but not that well

Doesn’t just use vision - uses vestibular system, uses joint receptors, uses pressure on feet

Question 21

Do you still get optic flow if a room moves relative to you?

Answer 21

yes - report that you are moving even if you aren’t

Question 22

What is the hypothesis that accompanies action-based accounts of perception?

Answer 22

Action-specific perception hypothesis

Question 23

What is the action-specific perception hypothesis?

Answer 23

People perceive their environment in terms of their ability to act on it

Question 24

What is an the first example of action-specific perception?

Answer 24

after a game, softball players who hit the ball better perceive the softball as larger

Question 25

What is an the second example of action-specific perception?

Answer 25

Participants reaching with a baton perceive the distance to targets as smaller - reachable with the baton so you can act on it which reflects what you perceive

Question 26

What does the action-specific perception hypothesis show?

Answer 26

perception is affected by our ability to act

Question 27

What is the thrid example of action-specific perception?

Answer 27

parkour experts perceived a wall as shorter when it was climbable, but novices who couldn't climb the wall did not

Question 28

What is a theory that accompanies perception-based accounts of action?

Answer 28

Common coding theory

Question 29

What does perception-based accounts of action mean?

Answer 29

represent actions in terms of perceptual outcomes

Question 30

What is the common coding theory?

Answer 30

actions are coded in terms of their perceivable effects (distal perceptual events) they should generate Lots of overlap between internal representation between perception and action code

Question 31

What does the modification of the simon paradigm support?

Answer 31

perception-based accounts of action

Question 32

What is the first part of the simon paradigm?

Answer 32

Respond with left button to low sounds and right button to high sounds They could come from the left or the right speaker Pressing the button turns on a light on the opposite side

Question 33

What is the result of the first part of the simon paradigm? What is the name for this effect?

Answer 33

Faster for low sounds on the left and faster for high sounds on the right -> spatial compatability effect/ simon effect

Question 34

What is the second part of the simon paradigm?

Answer 34

Respond with right light to low sounds Respond with left light to high sounds Have to use the opposite hand to turn on the ligjt

Question 35

What is the result of the second part of the simon paradigm? What is the name for this effect?

Answer 35

still spatial compatibility effect but it is based on light source compatibility

Question 36

What does the whole simon paradigm task show?

Answer 36

It is the consequence of action (perceptual consequences) that matters most here