Perception end of topic test Flashcards
NOTE: quick recall / summarising questions - evaluation points are not explained in detail because this is for memorising :) CONTENT: Depth cues, Gibson and Gregory, visual illusions, etc
Define sensation
The physical stimulation of sense receptors by the environment in order to understand the world around us
Define perception
The way the brain organises and interprets sensory information in order to understand the world around us
Define visual constancy
The ability to perceive an object as the same despite the idea being changed
(eg the object moving further away, or changing our perspective of the object)
Define/explain retinal disparity
A binocular depth cue that works by the brain detecting the difference between the slightly different images sensed by each eye
Define/explain convergence
A binocular depth cue that works by the eyes converging on an object more or less / the eye muscles working harder depending on the distance.
The muscle information tells our brain how far away it is.
Explain height in plane
The further away an object is, the higher up in the image it’ll look
Explain relative size
An object that is further away will look smaller
Explain occlusion
An object that is perceived to obscure another object is closer
Explain linear perspective
Parallel lines converging and meeting at a vanishing point in the distance creates a sense of perspective
Gibson believed that perception is influenced by [nature/nurture]
(pick one)
nature
Gregory believed that perception is influenced by [nature / nurture]
(pick one)
nurture
Motion parallax (Gibson) suggests that objects that are closer are perceived to move [slower / faster]
faster
Define direct perception (Gibson)
The information in the visual array is all the brains needs to perceive the world. Sensation and perception are the same.
Give 3 brief evaluations points for Gibson’s theory
+ Developed with research with pilots (applicable irl)
+ supported by the visual cliff (high validity)
- has difficulty explaining perceptual errors
Gregory believed that perception is a process of construction. What does this mean?
Constructing the the way we perceive the world based on nurture and what we believe.
(eg someone who doesn’t believe in ghosts is less likely to perceive a supernatural event as such)
Define inference
When our brains fill in the gaps in our sensory experience to draw a conclusion.
Give 2 evaluation points for Gregory’s theory
+ well-supported by other theories (EG Hudson’s)
- studies show that babies, who have no previous experience, can recognise depth (visual cliff)
The ponzo and muller-lyer illusions are examples of ____________ _________ ______
Misinterpreted depth cues
Rubin’s vase and the Necker cube are examples of _________ _______
Ambiguous figures
The Kanizsa triangle is an example of ________
Fiction
