Percy & Barthold Flashcards
(63 cards)
What two species contributed to M. m. molossinus?
M. m. musculus and M. m. castaneus
How does substrain divergence occur?
Spontaneous mutation, retrotransposon integrations, and residual heterozygosity.
Describe C57BL/6 mice.
Standard background strain.
Bred for longevity. Develop hydrocephalus, hippocampal neurodegeneration, microphthalmia and anophthalmia, age-related cochlear degeneration and hearing loss, and malocclusion. Barbering, alopecia, and staphylococcal ulcerative dermatitis.
Aged mice develop acidophilic macrophage pneumonia and epithelial hylalinosis, accelerated in moth-eaten. May develop late-onset amyloidosis.
Neoplasia: Lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, pituitary adenoma
Describe BALB/c mice.
Males pugilistic.
Prone to dystrophic epicardial mineralization of the right ventricular free wall, myocardial degeneration, auricular thrombosis, corneal opacities, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and periorbital abscesses. Hypocallosity, age-related hearing loss, hepatocellular fatty change.
Resistant to spontaneous
amyloidosis.
Neoplasia: Pulmonary adenomas, lymphomas, Harderian gland tumors, adrenal adenomas. Myoepitheliomas of salivary, preputial, and other exocrine glands.
Describe C3H/He mice.
Agouti that are blind due to rd1 mutation (pde6b^rd1).
Prone to corneal opacities, late-onset hearing loss, focal myocardial and skeletal mineralization, myocardial degeneration. Alopecia areata with age. Neoplasia: Susceptible to MMTV-induce mammary neoplasia later in life. Hepatocellular tumors.
Describe 129 mice.
Most frequent source of embryonic stem cells. Not a single strain, but recognized by 16 strains and substrains. Designation with P, S, T, or X.
Variation in coat color.
Prone to hypocallosity, pulmonary proteinosis, epithelial hyalinosis, megaesophagus.
129P3 - Blepharitis and conjunctivitis
Neoplasia: Lung, Harderian gland, ovarian, and hemangiosarcoma. 129/Sv - Testicular teratomas (embryonal carcinomas)
Describe FVB/N mice.
Inbred Swiss mice. Blind due to homozygosity of rd1 (Pde6b^rd1).
Prone to seizures, persistent mammary hyperplasia, hyperplasia of adenomas or prolactin-secreting cells in anterior pituitary.
Neoplasms: Mammary tumors rare. Tumors of lung, pituitary, Harderian gland, liver, lymphoma, and pheochromocytoma.
Describe NOD mice.
Inbred Swiss selectively bred for cataracts, found with type 1 diabetes.
Defects in macrophage and dendritic function, NK cells, regulatory T helper, and are complement 5a deficient.
Susceptibility to diabetes highest in germ-free environment.
Describe NSG mice.
NOD SCID Gamma.
NOD char (Defective in NK, macrophage, and dendritic cells), SCID (T and B cells), and Il-2 receptor gamma (Gamma)
Optimal host for xenogenic transplants
Describe Outbred Swiss mice.
Not wild type.
Many have retinal rd1 degeneration, prone to amyloidosis.
Neoplasia: Lymphoma, pulmonary adenomas, liver tumors, pituitary adenomas, and hemangiomas/sarcomas.
Why is hermaphroditism common in chimeric mice? How can this present?
Most ES cell lines are male (XY) but blastocysts are male or female. XX/XY chimeras usually phenotypically male, but may have testicular hypoplasia and lower fertility. May have cystic Muellerian duct remnants, an ovary and a testis, and/or ovotestes.
May see extragonadal teratomas arising from 129 cells in chimeric mice in perigenital regions and midline
Embryonic/fetal viability is most often influenced by abnormalities in which tissues?
Placenta, liver, and cardiovascular system.
How does hair grow in mice? Where is pigment found?
Grows cranially and progresses caudally. Melanin pigment restricted to hair follicle epithelium and hair shaft, not present in epidermis.
Describe mouse erythrocytes.
Small, high reticulocyte count, with moderate polychromasia and anisocytosis.
Describe mouse lymphocytes.
Predominant circulating leukocyte (75%).
Describe granulocytes in mice.
Peripheral blood granulocytes tend to be hypersegmented. Band cells rare, except with chronic suppurative infections. Mature male mice have higher granulocyte count than females. Granulocytes in tissues and bone marrow often have ring-shaped nuclei.
Describe the ring-shaped nuclei of granulocytes.
Can be visualized as early as in the progranulocyte stage in bone marrow, spleen, and liver. Rare in peripheral blood. Also occur in cells of monocytic lineage.
Describe murine basophils.
Rare
Describe the mouse platelet mass.
Large platelet mass due to high numbers and relatively low mean volume.
Describe hematopoiesis in the mouse.
Spleen is a major hematopoietic organ throughout life. Hematopoiesis found in liver up to weaning age but may return in adults during disease states - Can be misconstrued as inflammation. Hematopoiesis remains active in long bones throughout life
Viral attack of what tissues in neonatal mice can result in failure to suckle?
Vomeronasal organ and olfactory tissue
Respiratory epithelium containing eosinophilic secretory inclusions (hyalinosis) is especially obvious in what mice?
B6 and 129
Cartilage surrounds only the extrapulmonary airways in what species?
Mice, rats, and hamsters.
Cardiac muscle surrounds what vessels? What can this be mistaken for?
Major branches of pulmonary veins. Should not be mistaken for medial hypertrophy.
