Performance

Question 1

Define take-off distance required (TODR)

Answer 1

• The distance the aircraft requires to take-off from a standing start at maximum power, reaching a screen height above the runway at take-off safety speed.

Question 2

Define take-off safety speed (TOSS)

Answer 2

• The speed which gives a safe buffer above the stall speed on take-off.
• Must not be less than 1.2 x Vs in the take of configuration.

Question 3

Define screen height (or barrier)

Answer 3

• Ensures the aircraft can not only lift off the ground but also attain a minimum safe altitude at the runways end to clear obstacles

Question 4

Displaced threshold

Answer 4

• Can’t land before it
• Can take off before it

Question 5

Define stopway

Answer 5

• Rectangular area on ground at end of take-off run available.
• Where an aircraft can be stopped in the case of a rejected take-off.

Question 6

Define clearway

Answer 6

• The area at the departure end of the runway selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height.

Question 7

Landing distance available

Answer 7

• Length of runway that is declare by the aerodrome operator as available and suitable for the ground runway of an aeroplane.

Question 8

Take-off run available (TORA)

Answer 8

The length of the runway declared by the aerodrome operator as available and suitable from the ground runway of an aeroplane taking off.

Question 9

Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA)

Answer 9

• The effective length available for the use by an aircraft executing a rejected take off.

Question 10

Take-off distance available (TODA)

Answer 10

• The length of the take-off run available plus the length of any clearway.

Question 11

Landing distance required (LDR)

Answer 11

• Horizontal distance that an aircraft required to land and decelerate to a full stop using maximum breaking.
• Calculated 50ft above the landing threshold at a speed not less than 1.3 x Vs.

Question 12

Dry runway

Answer 12

• Not wet or contaminated

Question 13

Wet runway

Answer 13

• Surface is covered with sufficient moisture
• Less than contaminated runway or when there is sufficient moisture on the runway surface to cause it to appear reflective but without significant areas of standing water.

Question 14

Contaminated runway

Answer 14

• A runway of which more than 25% of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered by more than 3mm in depth of surface water, slush, or loose snow

Question 15

Gross flight path

Answer 15

• Aircraft’s assumed flight path when flown in a given configuration in accordance with specific procedures.
• The best performance that the aircraft can achieve under ideal conditions

Question 16

Net flight path

Answer 16

• Gross flight path reduced by specified margins.
• MArgins determined by CAA
• Provides a safety margin in a real emergency situation

Question 17

Drift down

Answer 17

• Procedure used on multi-engine aircraft when one of the engines fails.
• Involves a slow descent to a lower altitude at which the aircraft can comply with the one-engine inoperative enroute climb performance

Question 18

Gradient of climb

Answer 18

• The ratio of height gained over the horizontal distance travelled, expressed as a percentage.
• Measures the steepness of an aircraft’s climb path

Question 19

How to calculate gradient of climb

Answer 19

1. Add tailwind or subtract headwind from IAS
2. Divide rate of climb by the ANS

Question 20

Factors affecting take-off performance

Answer 20

• Take -off run available
• Weight of plane at commencement of take-off run
• Pressure altitude
• Ambient temperature
• Type of surface
• Surface condition
• Runway slope
• Not more than 50% of the reported headwind component or not less than 150% of the reported tail wing component is used

Question 21

Air density on take-off performance

Answer 21

More dense the air the better performance

Question 22

Weight on take-off performance

Answer 22

Higher weight reduces performance

Question 23

Wind on take-off performance

Answer 23

Headwind good, tailwind bad

Question 24

Runway slope of take-off distance

Answer 24

• Down sloped runway will decrease the TODR

Question 25

Runway surface/condition on take-off performance

Answer 25

Any other runway aside from paved with increase TODR.

Question 26

Factors affecting landing performance

Answer 26

- Aerodrome elevation - Ambient temperature - Type of runway surface and condition - Runway slope - Not more than 50% of the reported head wing or not less than 150% of the reported tailwind component

Question 27

Pressure altitude

Answer 27

Height above a given datum

Question 28

What s a ‘single engine en-route’ chart?

Answer 28

- Used to work out the maximum pressure altitude at which you can operate with one engine inoperative.

Question 29

Conditions on single engine en-route charts

Answer 29

- Engine and propeller reference - 1% climb gradient - Best rate of climb speed 88kts IAS