Performance and Limitations Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the characteristics of air mass that affect aircraft performance?
Temperature, pressure, and humidity
These characteristics directly impact lift, engine power, and efficiency.
How does higher temperature affect air density and aircraft performance?
Higher temperature → Lower air density → Reduced lift and engine power
Warmer air is less dense, which negatively impacts performance.
What is the effect of lower pressure on engine efficiency?
Less oxygen for combustion → Decreased engine efficiency
Lower pressure leads to less available oxygen, affecting performance.
How does higher humidity impact engine power?
Water vapor displaces oxygen → Slight reduction in engine power
Increased humidity can lead to a minor decrease in performance.
What is the relationship between air density and aircraft performance?
Denser air improves lift and engine performance; thinner air reduces efficiency
High altitude, hot, and humid conditions lead to thinner air.
What factors determine density altitude?
Pressure altitude, temperature, and humidity
These factors can be calculated using specific tools like the National Weather Service Density Altitude Calculator.
What is the total distance required to clear a 50’ obstacle for a Cessna 172 at sea level with no wind?
1,500–2,000 feet
This distance can vary with changes in weight, wind, and density altitude.
How does higher density altitude affect takeoff distance?
Increases required distance
As density altitude rises, aircraft performance diminishes, requiring more distance to clear obstacles.
What are the effects of grass or sod runways on takeoff performance?
Longer takeoff rolls, reduced acceleration, and requires soft-field landing techniques
Grass surfaces create more drag compared to paved runways.
What is the maximum takeoff weight limit for the Normal Category of aircraft?
≤12,500 lbs
This category is limited to non-acrobatic operations.
What allows the Utility Category aircraft to perform that the Normal Category cannot?
Allows limited aerobatics such as spins and steep turns
Both categories have the same weight limit of ≤12,500 lbs.
What is the maximum takeoff weight for Commuter Category aircraft?
What’s the regulation?
Up to 19,000 lbs
14 CFR Part 23
This category is designated for multi-engine aircraft.
What is the maximum baggage compartment load for a Cessna 172?
120 lbs
This weight limit is important for ensuring safe flight operations.
What are the usable fuel capacities for a Cessna 172M?
The usable fuel capacity for a Cessna 172M is 38 gallons with standard tanks, and 48 gallons if equipped with long-range tanks
Knowing fuel capacity is critical for flight planning.
Can you slip with flaps extended in a Cessna 172?
It depends on the aircraft; prolonged slips with full flaps are advised against
This is to prevent tail blanketing and loss of pitch control.
What could happen during prolonged slips with full flaps in some aircraft models?
Potential tail blanketing, buffeting, or reduced elevator effectiveness
Always check the Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) for specific guidance.
Are short-duration slips generally safe with flaps extended?
Yes, but always check the POH
Safety depends on the specific aircraft model and conditions.
