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Performance Based Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

RNAV capable of providing guidance in horizontal and vertical with timing function

A

4D - lateral/vertical/time
GNSS/IRS/Baro/Altimeters

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2
Q

B-RNAV or RNAV 5

A

Basic Area Nav - +- 5nm of intended position 95% of the time
Does not require ac to have a nav database (manual waypoints)

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3
Q

Precision RNAV

A

RNP - 1
+- 1nm of intended 95% of the time

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4
Q

Advantages of RNAV

A

Shorter routing
Pre programmed routes
No extra equipment needed

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5
Q

Components of PBN

A

Nav aid infrastructure - ground based/space based aids to meet specs

Nav Specifications - accuracy/integrity/continuity/functionality/availability

Nav application - application of nav spec and supporting nav aid infrastructure

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6
Q

Nav Specification

A

Ac/aircrew requirements
Accuracy/integrity/continuity/functionality/availability

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7
Q

Path Definition Area

A

Difference between database/designer (smallest part of the error)

Difference between desired path and airspace designer

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8
Q

APV

A

Approaches with vertical guidance

LPV - Localizer performance with vertical guidances

LNAV/VNAV - Lateral and vertical guidance (less accurate than LPV) (DH Higher than LPV)

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9
Q

Difference between RNAV AND RNP

A

RNAV - Nav specification
RNP - Sensor specific/alerts when fails/onboard performance monitoring (6 sec alerting)

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10
Q

Flight technical error (FTE)

A

Ability of the crew to fly defined path
Path steering error

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11
Q

Navigation System Error (NSE)

A

Aircraft’s estimated position as defined in RNAV system and actual geographic position

Ionospheric/DME functionality etc

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12
Q

Total System Error

A

Path definition area + flight technical error + nav system error

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13
Q

Navigation Specification
RNAV 10
RNAV1
RNP 1
RNAV 2
RNP 2
RNAV 5
RNP APCH
RNP 0.3

A

RNAV 10 - Oceanic/remote continental nav
RNP 4 - Oceanic and remote

RNAV 2 - For en route continental, arrival and departure phases of flight

RNP 2 - Enroute/oceanic/remote phases of flight

RNAV 5 - En route flight phases

RNP APCH - approach phases of flight

RNP 0.3 - Helicopter not oceanic or remote

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14
Q

Oceanic/Remote Nav specification includes

A

RNAV 10 (RNP 10)
RNP 4
RNP 2

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15
Q

PBN Scope for Oceanic/remote/enroute and terminal operations

A

Linear/lateral performance requirements and time constraints

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16
Q

PBN Scope for approach operations

A

Defines linear and angular lateral performance requirements

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17
Q

Factors used to define RNAV performance requirements

A

Accuracy
Integrity
Continuity
Functionality
Availability

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18
Q

RNP Nav Specifications - Integrity

A

Requirements define the level of trust that can be placed in the navigation system

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19
Q

Navigation specification - Availability

A

Determine the percentage of time that the service in a year must be in operation

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20
Q

Navigation specification - functionality

A

Failure indications/deviation/distant and bearing/time/gs/nav data storage

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21
Q

Path Terminator Designators

A

Two letter codes that define flight path types along a segment of the procedure and method of termination between legs

TF
DF
IF
CA
CF
FA

Used to specify type of termination of the previous flight path

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22
Q

Fixed Radius Transition

A

Turns between two route segments - high altitude FL195

Has two possible radii - 22.5nm for high altitude and 15nm for low altitude

Provides lateral seperation

23
Q

RNAV 10 + RNP 4

A

Oceanic/Remote areas - North Atlantic high level airspace and require at least two independent long range nav systems

RNAV 10 - IRS error - 6.2 hours - extended by updating

RNP 4 - Use of GNS also required

24
Q

RNP 0.3 is used primarily for helicopters

A

In all phases of flight except oceanic/remote and final approach

25
RNP APCH - LNAV/VNAV using barometric altitude can cause
Temperature effect - influence terrain clearance on final approach segment. Low temp - lower true altitude than indicated - shallower approached path with a lower glide path angle
26
3D Approaches include
RNP APCH - (GNSS and baro VNAV) GLS PAR - Precision Approach Radar ILS RNP APCH (SBAS)
27
How can RNAV 10 time limit be updated
By updating the position on the LRNS
28
RNP approach to LNAV minima is
Non precision approach designed for 2d operations
29
Manual entry is not permitted with
RNAV 1
30
CAA Question: Fly by turn vs fly over turns for RNP flight tracks
Fly by turns can be used in RNP flight tracks Fly over turns are excluded
31
Necessity to know RNAV capabilities and performance
To be confident that the aircraft is capable of navigating with accuracy and adherence to procedures/seperation
32
RNP APCH Types
LNAV - Minimum standard of performance (using GNSS) LNAV/VNAV - GNSS plus barometric VNAV 3D approach LPV - 200ft ILS CAT I SBAS 3D approach
33
Actual Navigation Performance (ANP)
FMS calculates path definition error/Nav system error/ flight path technical error = Total system error Less accurate than 5% of RNP alert. ANP bigger number than RNP out of accuracy requirements
34
LPV Approach Background + what type of approach is it
RNP approach - localiser performance with vertical guidance Vertical guidance through SBAS. FAS data block requires CAT I ILS minimum No ILS inputs Approach with vertical guidance (NOT A precision approach)
35
Types of GNSS RNAV approaches
LNAV (2D) - Lateral nav - liner guidance in horizontal plane - MDA/H LP (2D) - Localiser Performance - angular guidance in horizontal plane - DA/H LNAV/VNAV (3D) - horizontal and vertical guidance (barometric) - MDA/H LPV (3D) - horizontal and vertical guidance from SBAS GNSS (Geometric alt) - DA/H (Precision or approach with vertical guidance)
36
Difference between radius to fix legs (RF) & Fixed radius transition (FRT)
RF - Used for App/Dep for SIDS/STARS FRT - en route used with FMS
37
Ocean
RNP 2 RNP 4 RNAV 10
38
Advanced RNP incorporates what nav specifications
RNAV 5 RNAV 2 RNAV 1 RNP 2 RNP 1 RNP APCH
39
Offset flight path is
Lateral offset from defined route Specified increments of 1NM up to 20NM Depart route and intercept offset at 45 degree angle
40
Manual data is acceptable on and unacceptable on…
Manual entry/creation of waypoint not permitted under RNAV1/RNAV2/RNP 1/RNP 2 Manual entry of new waypoints allowed under: RNP 10 RNAV 10 RNP 4 RNAV 5
41
In order to fly RNAV 1,RNAV 2, RNP 1, RNP 2 SID it must be
Retrievable by route name from the on board navigation database and conform to the charted route
42
Explain why RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima only conducted when temp is within range and not temperature compensated
Ensure safe terrain clearance when temperatures are low and to limit excessively high glide path angles in high temperatures
43
Helicopters use
RNAV 1 RNP 1 RNP 0.3
44
Banks RNAV/RNP usages
RNAV 10 - Oceanic RNAV 5 - Enroute/Arrival RNAV 2 - Enroute/arrival/departure RNAV - Arrival/departure RNP4 - Oceanic RNP2 - Enroute RNP1 - Arrival/departure
45
How can RNAV1/RNAV2/RNP1/RNP2 routes be modified by pilots
Inserting or deleting waypoints in the database in response to an ATC clearance
46
When performing a RNP approach what will lead to a missed approach without visual
Required RNP APCH mode fails to engage The actual navigation accuracy exceed the required navigation accuracy The lateral deviation exceeds instrument full scale deflection TCAS RA (Not TA)
47
LRNS - Minimum equipment list consists of
Two LRNS - INS + IRS FMS or a GNSS
48
Explain how navigation systems assess the EPE
The Kalman filter Measure other nav data GNSS/IRS - comparison between these position data and the FMS position
49
What’s included in Nav Application Nav infrastructure Nav Specification
Nav Application - STAR/SID Nav Infrastructure- GNSS Nav Specification - RNP/RNAV
50
Angular Operation
Instrument approach ops in which max deviation is expressed in terms of deflection of the needle on the CDI
51
Linear Operation
Instrument approach operation with maximum tolerable error expressed in units of length such as nautical miles for cross track lateral deviation
52
A-RNP
5 2 1 2 1 APCH RNAV 5 RNAV 2 RNAV 1 RNP 2 RNP 1 RNP APCH
53
How is off track measured in linear operation vs angular operation
Linear operation tells us how far in distance (nm) we are from the desired track Angular operation - CDI shows deviation related to angle off track. Measures certain amount of degrees off track
54
Fly by turns vs fly over waypoints compatibility with RNAV and RNP
Fly by turns - RNAV flight path - variation in route due to changing conditions Fly over turn - RNP flight track

Radio Navigation (13 decks)

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