Perfusion Flashcards
(31 cards)
Cardiomyopathy: S/S:
SOB, congestion of lungs, dependent edema, palpitations, syncope, angina, tiredness, light-headedness, fatigue
Cardiomyopathy:Meds:
Cardiomyopathy:Meds: o ACE inhibitors o Beta blockers o Diuretics o Anticoagulants o CCBs
Cardiomyopathy: Dx:
Echocardiogram, abnormal EKG, Holter monitoring, stress test
Cardiomyopathy:Surgery:
Surgery: Cardioversion, heart transplant, pacemaker insertion, implantable defibrillator, myectomy
Cardiomyopathy: Interventions:
Cardiac catheterization, biopsy of heart tissue, radioactive studies, electrical studies of the heart
Cardiomyopathy: Teaching:
Weight loss
o Limit ETOH
o Avoid overexertion, hot showers, water immersion, and syncope episodes
o Flu vaccine annually
Left-Sided Heart Failure:
• S/S:
SOB; palpitations; tachycardia; cough with frothy, blood tinged sputum; fatigue; fluid retention, weight gain; dysrhythmic heart rate; oliguria; lung crackles
Left-Sided Heart Failure: Nursing Education:
Low Na+ diet. Fluid restriction as prescribed. Report weight gain of more than 2 pounds over 24 hours
Left-Sided Heart Failure:
• Dx:
BNP (diagnose and grade severity of HF); CBC, CRP, echocardiogram (ultrasound); EKG (dysrhythmias, heart thickening), Troponin (MI check 3 times)
Left-Sided Heart Failure: Serum Inflammatory markers:
IL-6, CRP, and TNF are associated with increased risk of CHF
• Left ventricle is the powerhouse of the heart
Left-Sided Heart Failure: Meds:
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, vasodilators, nitrates, beta blockers, diuretics, digitalis, aspirin, hormones
Right-Sided Heart Failure:S/S:
JVD, weight gain, peripheral edema, increased ICP, LOC issues, spleen and liver enlargement, palpable and auscultated dysrhythmias
Right-Sided Heart Failure: Risk For:
Liver congestion, hepatomegaly, portal hypotension, DVT, stasis
Right-Sided Heart Failure: Nursing Education:
Low Na+ diet. Fluid restriction as prescribed. Report weight gain of more than 2 pounds over 24 hours
Right-Sided Heart Failure: Dx:
BNP (diagnose and grade severity of HF); CBC, CRP, echocardiogram (ultrasound); EKG (dysrhythmias, heart thickening), Troponin (MI check 3 times)
Right-Sided Heart Failure: Serum Inflammatory markers:
IL-6, CRP, and TNF are associated with increased risk of CHF
Right-Sided Heart Failure: Meds:
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, vasodilators, nitrates, beta blockers, diuretics, digitalis, aspirin, hormones
Pulmonary Edema:S/S:
Apprehension, restlessness, chest pain, blood-tinged sputum, crackles and wheezes on auscultation, tachypnea, tachycardia, sense of impending doom
Pulmonary Edema:Interventions:
Notify rapid response team, reassure patient, elevate HOB, administer oxygen, obtain VS and check lung sounds, obtain ABGs, prepare to administer heparin or other therapy
Pulmonary Edema: Pharmacology:
IV Nitroglycerin: Reduce preload. Side effects: Headache, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, weakness. Monitor for hypotension.
o IV Lasix: Decrease preload and pulmonary congestion, which decreases cardiac work and increases CO. Carefully monitor potassium levels for hypokalemia. Administer slowly because hearing loss can occur if infused too rapidly. Monitor electrolyte levels carefully. Monitor weight, VS, and urine output.
Triamterene-Hydrochlorothiazide:
• S/E:
Hyperkalemia, N/V/D, dry mouth, photosensitivity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, dizziness, weakness
• Monitor for s/s of hyperkalemia (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tachycardia followed by bradycardia, tall peaked T waves on the EKG, and oliguria).
Triamterene-Hydrochlorothiazide:Teach:
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Monitor for signs of hypokalemia. Avoid salt substitutes. Take med with or without meals to decrease GI irritation.
Furosemide (Lasix): Nursing Consideration:
Decrease preload and pulmonary congestion, which decreases cardiac work and increases CO. Carefully monitor potassium levels for hypokalemia. Monitor electrolyte levels carefully. Monitor weight, VS, and urine output.
• IV: Administer slowly because hearing loss can occur if infused too rapidly.
Simvastatin (Zocor):
• Side Effects:
Nausea, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain or cramps, flatulence, headache, rash, blurred vision, pruritus, elevated liver enzymes
