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NUR 114 > Perfusion B > Flashcards

Perfusion B Flashcards

1
Q

MAP

A

mean artial pressure

SBP+2(DBP)/3

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2
Q

Hypertension

A

“silent killer”

can never be healed

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3
Q

Normal BP

A

120/80

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4
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

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5
Q

Hypertension Stage 1

A

140-159/90-99

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6
Q

Hypertension Stage 2

A

160/100

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7
Q

what medication will you use first to treat HTN?

A

Diuretics

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8
Q

How will you treat HTN first?

A

lifestyle changes for at least 3 months

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9
Q

Essential HTN

A

most common not caused by an existing health problem

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10
Q

Secondary HTN

A

specific disease states (renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, pregnancy, estrogen) and drugs (cocaine)

treatment is eliminating cause

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11
Q

Risk factors for essential HTN

A 
age >60/postmenopausal
family hx
African American, hispanics, and American Indians ethnicity 
smoking
alcohol
obesity
DM
Elevated serum lipids >200
sodium and caffeine 
sedentary lifestyle
socioeconomic status 
excessive stress
electrolytes (K, Ca, Mg, Na)
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12
Q

risk factors for secondary HTN

A 
Kidney disease (most common)
Primary aldosteronism 
cushings disease 
brain tumors
pregnancy 
drugs (estrogen, glucocorticoids)

> 140/>90
160/100

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13
Q

Isolated Systolic Hypertension

A

can lead to CVA or MI
older adults/elderly
SBP >139
DBP <90

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14
Q

clinical manifestations of HTN

A

May not have symptoms until BP has increased

Fatigue
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Palpitations
Angina
Dyspnea
Facial flushing
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15
Q

How will the nurse intervene with a pt who has

HTN crisis?

A
  • Place pt in semi fowlers
  • give o2
  • start IV with NS
  • IV beta blocker or Nicardipine as prescribed over 2-6H slowly
  • Monitor BP Q15min
  • observe for seizures, organ damage
  • MAP 60-80
  • Pulse Pressure 30-40
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16
Q

Lifestyle changes

A 
Sodium restriction
Weight reduction
Reduce alcohol intake
Exercise 30-40 mins 3-4x weekly 
Decrease stress levels
Avoid smoking
Complementary and alternative therapy
Healthy People 2020, Table 36-2, pp.722
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17
Q

Effects of HTN

A 
Heart (hypertensive heart disease)
Brain (CVA)
Peripheral vasculature (PVD)
Kidney (Nephrosclerosis and renal insufficiency) 
Eye (papilledema)
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18
Q

Hypertensive Urgency

A

BP >180/120 mm Hg

No signs of target organ damage

**Usually caused by non-compliance with medication therapy

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19
Q

Hypertensive Emergency BP

A

> 180/120 mm Hg

+Signs of target organ damage

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20
Q

HTN urgency/emergency assessment

A 
severe headache
seizure 
decrease UO
ShoB
dizziness 
blurred vision 
CP 
unresponsiveness
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21
Q

MONA for CP/HTN anxiety

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitro
Aspirin

22
Q

What medication will you give an African American?

A

Calcium Channel blockers

PINE, ZEM, AMIL

23
Q

Hypertension in children

A

Diet control

Lifestyle changes

24
Q

TX for HTN

A

**Lifestyle modifications are always the first treatment (preferred)

Monitor BP for several months before starting medications

If medications are required, patient knowledge and compliance is essential

25
goals for teaching with HTN
``` take drugs as ordered once started will be lifelong good BP goal less than 140/90 -if stop meds rebound htn can occur ```
26
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet
``` **sodium restriction 1.5-2g daily maintain healthy weight BMI moderation of alcohol (1xdaily woman 2xdaily men) restrict cholesterol and saturated fats adequate K intake increase physical activity manage stress smoking cessation ```
27
Focused assessment for HTN
``` health hx medication hx (OTC?) family hx VS and BP evaluation both arms focused cardiac assessment health patterns lab (serum electrolytes, BUN CRT, BG, Cholesterol, CBC) ```
28
Pt Goals for HTN
- Maintain desired BP/tissue perfusion - Understand accept and implement the therapeutic plan - Experience minimal unpleasant side effects
29
PT education for HTN meds
- orthostatic hypotension - sexual dysfunction - dry mouth (diuretics) - nocturia (diuretics need to take in AM) - electrolyte imbalance - hyper/hypokalemia - adherence to medication - weight control/balanced nutrition
30
explanation of HTN?
high cholesterol can be a factor to cause development of essential hypertension often asymptomatic
31
Infant Normal BP
80/40
32
Preschool Normal BP
90/50
33
Adolescent Normal BP
100/60-70
34
When do kids need to start checking BP?
children need to start having b/p checked by age 3 then annually
35
Normal bp for kids
less then 90% up to 89%
36
risk factors for children to have HTN?
Families poor, African American , Hispanic females, American Indians, more likely to develop
37
younger than 10 causes for HTN
brain tumor, heart defects, sleep apnea, renal disorders
38
what can reduced the incidence of developing HTN?
breast feeding
39
risk factors for HTN in children
``` Family History of: Hyperlipidemia (<170 LDL <110 HDL >40) Hypertension Diabetes Smoking Obesity Sedentary lifestyle High sodium/high fat diet High stress ```
40
decreases risk for children to develop HTN
1H a day of after school activity | no fast food
41
Normal BP for kids
less than 90%
42
Prehypertensive kids
90-94th %
43
Hypertensive kids
95th %
44
Hypertensive stage 1
95-98th %
45
Hypertensive stage 2
>99th %
46
Managing Obesity for kids
- Start a weight-management program - Change eating habits (eat slowly, develop a routine) - Plan meals and make better food selections (eat less fatty foods, avoid junk and fast foods) - Control portions and consume less calories - Increase physical activity (especially walking) and have a more active lifestyle - Know what your child eats at school - Eat meals as a family instead of while watching television or at the computer - Do not use food as a reward - Attend a support group
47
can kids have skim milk?
after age 2
48
how to reward kids?
with activity not food
49
should you give low calorie foods to kids?
never recommended until over age 2
50
what is the first choice for kids with HTN?
lifestyle management is always the first choice!!!

NUR 114 (4 decks)

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