Perfusion Medications Flashcards
1
Q
Anticoagulants
A
-Used to prevent blood clots
-side effects: epistaxis, ecchymosis (bruise), hypotension, hemorrhage, hematuria
-Ex: Heparin Sodium
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Lovenox (Enoxaparin)
- Monitor PT/INR/APTT Levels, BP, CBC
- INR Range 2-3
- No ASA or Vitamin K (antidote) with warfarin
2
Q
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
A
- Used to prevent peripheral vasoconstriction
- Tx: HF, HTN
- Side effects: Persistent dry cough, tachycardia, dizziness, headache, hypoTN, Hyperkalemia
- Ex: “prils” (Lisinopril, Ramipril, Catopril, Enlapril)
- Monitor for INC K+ levels
- Watch for BP drops
3
Q
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
A
- Used to block vasoconstriction and secretion of Aldosterone
- Tx: HTN, HF
- Side effects: Dizziness, Insomnia, anxiety, confusion, vertigo
- Ex: “tan” (Losartan, Olmesartan..)
- Assess mental/neuro status, skin
- Monitor Labs (POTASSIUM), Vitals
- Slow position changes
- No breastfeeding
- Avoid salt substitutes, alcohol, OTCs
4
Q
Calcium Channel Blockers
A
- Used for decreases workload of the heart, promotes vasodilation
- Tx: HF, HTN, Angina, AV Block, dysrhythmias
- Side Effects: Headache, peripheral edema, bradycardia, hypotension
- Ex: “-pines” (Amlodipine (Norvasc), felodipine, verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem)
- Check BP before administering*
- Avoid Grapefruit*
- Report dizziness/fainting STAT*
5
Q
Thrombolytics
A
- Used to dissolve blood clots
- Side effects: bleeding, fever, allergic reactions, dysrhythmias
- Ex: TNKase, Streptokinase, Anistreplase
- Monitor blood levels
- Watch for bleeding
6
Q
Antiplatelets
A
- Used for decrease formation of clots
- Side effects: GI Bleed, Hematuria, Bruising, Tarry Stools
- Ex: Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Tricagrelor
- Bleeding Precautions/watch for bleeding
- Take with food
7
Q
Cardiac Glycosides
A
- Used to treat HF and irregular heartbeats
- Side effects: GI Disturbances (N/V/D, anorexia), Headache, Bradycardia
- Ex: Digoxin
- Hold if HR <60 (adult), <70 (child), <90 (infant)
- Monitor for toxicity (2 mL), Low K+ levels, Apical Pulse
8
Q
AntiHTN (diuretics)
A
- Thiazide Diuretics: For HTN, Peripheral Edema
* Side Effects: High C+, Sugar, K+, hyperuricemia, Low Na+, hypovolemia, hypoTN
* Med: Hydrochlorothiazide
* Take in AM with food, slow position change, sunscreen usage - Loop Diuretics: For HypoTN, Pulmonary Edema
* side effects: Low K+, Na+, Ca+, Mg+, ototoxicity, dehydration
* Med: Furosemide (Lasix), Bumetanide
* Check for Edema - Potassium-Sparing Diuretic: For HF, HTN, Low K+
* Side effects: hyperkalemia, acidosis, constipation or diarrhea
* Monitor I&Os, F/E, BP
* Med: Spirolactone, Aldactone - Osmotic Diuretics: For Edema, Dec ICP
- Side effects: F/E IMB, N/V, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hyponatremia
- Med: Mannitol, Glycerin, Isosorbide
- Caution with infants b/c of their heads
- Monitor VS, Wt, F/E, I/Os, Neuro Status
9
Q
Peripheral Vasodilators
A
- Used to increase blood flow
- side effects: hypoTN, dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, GI Distress (N/V/D)
- Ex: Moxisylyte, Cilostazol, Pentoxifylline, hydralazine
- Take 30 before or 2 hours after meals
- Monitor AP, BP, and look for signs of inadequate blood flow
- No Smoking
- avoid ASA, Alcohol
- Slow position changes
10
Q
Anti-lipidemics
A
- Used to reduce cholesterol, triglyceride or LDL Levels; reduce CAD Risk
- side effects: constipation, GI Disturbances, Headache, Dizziness, Elevated Liver Levels, Itching
- Ex: “Statins” (Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Simvastatin..)
No grapefruit
11
Q
Beta Blockers
A
- Used for mild to mod HTN, acute MI, angina pectoris, Heart Failure, cardiomyopathy
- Decreased HR, Contraction of Heart, rate of AV conduction
- Side effects: bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbances, CHF, Dec BP, depression
- Example: Metoprolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol
-hold if HR is <60
12
Q
Alpha Blockers
A
- Used to lower blood pressure
- side effects: Dizziness, Headache, Pounding heartbeat, Weakness
- Ex: Prazosin, terazosin
13
Q
Alpha-2 Agonists
A
- Used to treat high blood pressure
- Meds: Clonidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa
- s/e: dry mouth, tiredness, weakness, headache, nervousness
- adv: rash, hives, swelling of face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs. Difficulty breathing.
NI:
- Monitor BP/Vitals
- Reinforce teaching of slow standing/position changes
- Reinforce Low sodium diet
Client Edu:
- Take medicine PO 2x/day at certain time intervals with or without food.
- This medicine can make you drowsy or dizzy.
- Orthostatic HypoTN, standing slow
- Eat a diet low in sodium
14
Q
MISC Meds
A
Aliskiren (Tekturna)
- Class: Antihypertensive
- Used to treat High Blood Pressure
- s/e: diarrhea, stomach pain, heartburn, cough
- NI: Monitor I/Os, Monitor BP, Encourage Healthy Diet, Reinforce Client Education
- Client Edu: No fatty diet/No Salt Substitutes. No Double Doses. F/U Appts and Labs are needed.
Eplerenone
- Class: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
- Used to Treat High BP
- s/e: headache, dizziness, diarrhea, stomach pain, cough
- NI: Monitor BP, Ensure Nutritious Diet, Reinforce Client Education
- Client Edu: Take Tablet PO 1-2x/day with or without food. No Grapefruit Juice or Salt Subs
15
Q
Nitrates
A
- Used to treat chest pain associated with angina and to ease the symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF).
- meds: Amyl nitrite, isosorbide, nitroglycerin
- s/e: Dizziness, Headaches, Flushing of your face and neck, Upset stomach or throwing up, Low blood pressure (hypotension), Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmia)
- adv: difficulty breathing or swallowing, nausea/vomiting, weakness, sweating, pale skin
NI:
- Admin Nitrates 1 at a time, every 5 mins. After 3 nitrates, call 911.
- Monitor BP, O2 Sats, Pulse
- Reinforce Client Education
Client Edu:
- Avoid smoking and alcohol
- Place tablet under tongue to dissolve. Don’t swallow, chew, crush, etc.
- No Dietary Restrictions unless Doctor orders otherwise
- Inform all Dr and Lab personnel that you take nitroglycerin before they draw blood.
