Perio Exam Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the first step in a periodontal examination?
The first step is the medical history review, including vital signs, medical conditions, and medications.
What two depths are considered in probing depth measurement?
Biologic or histologic depth and clinical or probing depth.
What is the standard force recommended for probing depth measurement?
A maximum force of 0.75 N (approximately 102 g) is recommended for accuracy and patient comfort.
What indicates periodontal disease progression on radiographs?
Fuzziness and disruption of the lamina dura and crestal cortication are the earliest signs.
How is clinical attachment loss (CAL) measured when the gingival margin is apical to the CEJ?
CAL is the sum of the probing depth and the recession depth.
What is the clinical significance of bleeding on probing (BOP)?
While BOP is not a reliable predictor of attachment loss progression, its absence is a strong indicator of periodontal stability.
What is the most reliable radiographic method for assessing furcation involvement?
Periapical radiographs with proper angulation and clinical probing using a Nabers probe.
How is the width of attached gingiva calculated?
The width of attached gingiva is calculated by subtracting the probing depth from the distance between the gingival margin and the mucogingival junction.
What is the primary difference between horizontal and vertical bone loss patterns?
Horizontal bone loss is a uniform reduction in interdental bone height, whereas vertical bone loss presents as angular defects adjacent to the root surface.
What is the molar-incisor pattern in aggressive periodontitis?
It is a localized pattern of bone loss primarily affecting first molars and central incisors.
What is considered the standard radiographic survey for periodontal examination?
A minimum of 14 periapical and 4 posterior bitewing radiographs.
What does a panoramic image primarily assess in periodontal examination?
It assesses root shape and resorption but has lower resolution than intraoral radiographs.
Why are vertical bitewings preferred in severe bone loss cases?
Vertical bitewings capture more bone structure, showing crestal bone location more accurately.
What are the four criteria for adequate periapical radiograph angulation?
- Show molar cusps tips with minimal occlusal surface.
- Distinct enamel caps and pulp chambers.
- Open interproximal spaces.
- Minimal contact overlap unless teeth are misaligned.
How is the width of attached gingiva determined?
Subtract the sulcus or pocket depth from the total gingival width (from gingival margin to mucogingival junction).
What is the significance of the lamina dura in radiographs?
An intact lamina dura indicates periodontal health, while its absence may suggest periodontal disease progression.
What is the importance of probing force standardization?
To ensure consistent and accurate depth readings, preventing excessive penetration into tissues.
What does a probing depth greater than 3 mm typically indicate?
The presence of gingival inflammation and possible periodontal disease.
How can radiographs assist in evaluating alveolar bone loss?
They help in assessing bone level, destruction patterns, and periodontal ligament space width.
What are the radiographic features of early periodontal disease?
Fuzziness and disruption of the lamina dura and crestal cortication.
What is the Glickman Classification used for?
To categorize furcation invasion into Grades I-IV based on severity and extent of bone loss.
What are some factors influencing probing depth measurements?
Probe tip shape, insertion force, direction, and tooth contour.
How is furcation involvement clinically assessed?
Using a Nabers probe and evaluating furcation grades based on extent of bone loss.
What does bleeding on probing (BOP) indicate?
It may indicate inflammation but is not a reliable predictor of attachment loss progression.
