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APWH > Period 2 > Flashcards

Period 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What type of religion was Judaism?

A

Monotheistic

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2
Q

How did Mesopotamian influence affect Judaism?

A

Through it’s cultural and legal traditions

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3
Q

How did Judaism spread?

A

Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman conquests of various Jewish states

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4
Q

What are the holy writings of Hinduism called?

A

Sanskrit scriptures

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5
Q

What relationship did Hinduism have with the caste system?

A

It supported it through a belief of reincarnation

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6
Q

What does Buddhism reject?

A

Hinduism and the caste system

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7
Q

What are the core beliefs of Buddhism about?

A

Desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment

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8
Q

Who was the first official supporter of Buddhism on a political scale?

A

Mauryan emperor Ashoka

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9
Q

How did Confucianism blend with Chinese culture?

A

It blended well by promoting filial piety and ancestral veneration

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10
Q

What did Daoists believe?

A

That everything would work itself out and nature should run its course

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11
Q

How did Daoism affect the development of Chinese culture?

A
  • medical practices
  • poetry
  • alchemy and metallurgic practices
  • architecture
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12
Q

Who are three key thinkers of the Greco-Roman philosophy?

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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13
Q

What four things did Greco-Roman philosophy and science emphasize?

A
  • logic
  • empirical observation
  • nature of political power
  • nature of hierarchy
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14
Q

What is syncretism?

A

The blending of cultures

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15
Q

How did Confucianism reinforce existing social structures in China?

A

Emphasizing filial piety

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16
Q

How did Buddhism and Christianity reinforce existing social structures?

A

Practicing a monastic life

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17
Q

Other religious and culturally traditions, including _____, _____, and _____ persisted

A

Shamanism, animism, and ancestor veneration

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18
Q

How did the number and size of key states and empires grow drastically during this period?

A

Imposing political unity in areas where previously there had been competing states

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19
Q

Where was the Persian empire?

A

Southwest Asia

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20
Q

List three examples of the Persian Empire

A
  • Achaemenid Empire
  • Parthian
  • Sassanid
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21
Q

What are two examples of key states/empires found in east Asia?

A

The Qin empire and the Han dynasty

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22
Q

Two examples of key states/empires in South Asia

A
  • Mauryan Empire

* Gupta Empire

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23
Q

What are five key states/empires found in the Mediterranean region?

A
  • Phoenician Empire
  • Carthage
  • Greek City States
  • Hellenistic Empire
  • Roman Empire
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24
Q

What are two examples of key states/empires in Mesoamerica?

A
  • Mayan City States

* teotihuacan

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25
What is an example of a key state/empire of the Andean South America region?
Moche
26
What are two key states/empires of North America?
* Chaco | * Cahokia
27
What did rulers create in order to organize their subjects?
Created administrative institutions
28
What are two examples of administrative institutions?
* centralized governments | * elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies
29
Where did the following happen: “Centralization under Qin Shi Huangdi, Han’s civil service exams, etc.”
China
30
What type of ruler was Qin Shi Huangdi?
Legalist
31
What did Persians use Satraps for?
To govern local regions
32
What did Rome have as an example of administrative institutions?
Twelve tables, regional governors, etc.
33
Edicts of Ashoka in Mauryan Empire(where was this?)
South Asia
34
What were the five main techniques imperial governments used to promote trade and project military power over large areas?
1. Issuing currency 2. Diplomacy 3. Developing supply lines 4. Building fortifications, defensive walls and roads 5. Raising armies
35
What is an example of “issuing currency”?
Hans and Romans minted coins
36
What is an example of diplomacy?
Han dynasty formed alliances with people along western border and established tributary states
37
What is an example of developing supply lines?
Alexander the Great developed these from Macedonia and Greece to Turkey and conquests in India; Roman roads
38
What is an example of fortifications, defensive walls, and roads?
Hadrian’s Wall, Great Wall of China, Roman Empires elaborate roads all over the place
39
What is an example of raising armies?
Art of War, by Sun Tzu; finding strategy in war
40
What was important about Persepolis?
It was the ceremonial capital of Persia, and imperial city, and was the location for most religious ceremonies
41
What were imperial cities?
Cities that served as centers of trade, public performance of religious rituals, and political administration for states and empires
42
What are three examples of imperial cities?
Persepolis, Athens, Alexandria
43
What are four methods used to ensure production and social hierarchy?
* corvèe labor (tax owed to state) * slavery * tributes * peasant communities
44
How did patriarchy continue to shape gender and family relations in all imperial societies of this period?
Filial piety in china(1 example)
45
Through excessive mobilization of resources, imperial governments generated ________ and created ________ by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of the elites.
Social tensions, economic difficulties
46
What type of trade was on the Silk Road?
Relay trade
47
What type of objects were traded on the Silk Road?
Lightweight valuable objects such as silk and gems
48
What two religions were spread in the Silk Road?
Christianity and Buddhism
49
What disease was spread on the Silk Road?
Smallpox
50
What type of trade route was the Indian Ocean Maritime trade route?
Water
51
What items were traded on the Indian Ocean Maritime trade route?
* spices * cotton textiles * dye * timber * heavier items
52
Who controlled the Mediterranean Maritime Trade route?
The Roman Empire
53
What items were traded along the Mediterranean Maritime trade route?
* wine * olive oil * grain * timber * marble * glass * perfume * silver * spice * silk
54
What objects were traded in the Trans Saharan trade route?
Gold, ivory, and slaves in exchange for salt
55
What animal improved trade on the TransSaharan greatly?
Domesticated camel
56
What three new technologies served to make trade more efficient?
Yolks, saddles, and stirrups
57
What are 4 domesticated pack animals that were extremely useful?
Horse, oxen, llama, and camel
58
How did the monsoon winds affect trade?
People began to plan their travels around the winds and use them to their advantage
59
What are two innovations in Maritime technology?
Triangular sail and Dow ship
60
Besides trade in goods, what else served to develop across far-flung networks of communication and exchange?
``` People Technology Religious and cultural beliefs Food crops Domesticated animals Disease pathogens ```
61
The spread of crops, including ______ and ________ from South Asia to the Middle East, encourages changes in farming and irrigation techniques.
Rice and cotton
62
What and where was the qanat system?
An irrigation system from Persia that used underground Channels to move water around
63
What were water wheels?
Tools that would pick up water out of a running stream and deposit it to a trough
64
What were the two types of water wheels?
Noria and sakia
65
What disease spread in Rome and China?
Smallpox
66
What disease spread in Constantinople?
Bubonic plague
67
How did Christianity transform as it spread?
It went from a subversive religion seeking to redefine Judaism to a mainstream religion that had to become clarified for its beliefs before become the religion of Rome. “Revolutionary”
68
How did Hinduism transform as it spread?
From origins in India to Southeast Asia where it was molded into their own beliefs
69
How was Buddhism transformed as it spread?
Adapted to regions it spread to, molded with Confucianism; two types- 1. Theravada 2. Mahayana

APWH (2 decks)

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