Period 3

Question 1

What type of reaction occurs when acidic, covalent oxides react with bases?

Answer 1

Neutralisation reaction

Produces a salt and water.

Question 2

What is the result of the reaction SiO₂ + 2NaOH?

Answer 2

Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O

Question 3

What is the result of the reaction SO₂ + 2NaOH?

Answer 3

Na₂SO₃ + H₂O

Question 4

What is the bonding nature of aluminium oxide?

Answer 4

Partially ionic and covalent

Question 5

Why is aluminium oxide insoluble in water?

Answer 5

The ions don’t dissociate

Question 6

What term describes a substance that can act as both an acid and a base?

Answer 6

Amphoteric

Question 7

What is the result of the reaction Al₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄?

Answer 7

Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

Question 8

What is the result of the reaction 2NaAl(OH)₄?

Answer 8

Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Acidic, covalent oxides react with bases to produce a _______ and water.

Answer 9

Salt

Question 10

What do ionic oxides combine with water to form?

Answer 10

Alkaline solutions with a pH around 10-14

This reaction is characteristic of basic ionic oxides.

Question 11

Provide an example of an ionic oxide reacting with water.

Answer 11

Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH

Sodium oxide forms sodium hydroxide when it reacts with water.

Question 12

What do simple covalent oxides of sulfur and phosphorus form when combined with water?

Answer 12

Acidic solutions with a pH around 0-2

These oxides lead to the formation of acids.

Question 13

What is the chemical equation for phosphorus pentoxide reacting with water?

Answer 13

P2O5 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4

This reaction produces phosphoric acid.

Question 14

What is the product of sulfur dioxide reacting with water?

Answer 14

H2SO3 (sulfurous acid)

Sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid in this reaction.

Question 15

What is produced when sulfur trioxide reacts with water?

Answer 15

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to yield sulfuric acid.

Question 16

What happens to acids when they are in solution?

Answer 16

They dissociate into H+ ions and ions of conjugate base

This dissociation is key for their acidic properties.

Question 17

What type of reaction occurs when basic ionic oxides react with acids?

Answer 17

Neutralisation reaction

This reaction produces a salt and water.

Question 18

Provide an example of a basic ionic oxide reacting with hydrochloric acid.

Answer 18

Na2O + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O

This reaction illustrates the neutralization process.

Question 19

What is the product of magnesium oxide reacting with sulfuric acid?

Answer 19

MgSO4 + H2O

This reaction produces magnesium sulfate and water.

Question 20

What is the oxide formed from Sodium?

Answer 20

Sodium Oxide (Na2O)

Sodium Oxide is formed from the reaction of sodium with oxygen.

Question 21

What is the oxide formed from Magnesium?

Answer 21

Magnesium Oxide (MgO)

Magnesium Oxide is formed from the reaction of magnesium with oxygen.

Question 22

What is the oxide formed from Aluminium?

Answer 22

Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)

Aluminium Oxide is formed from the reaction of aluminium with oxygen.

Question 23

What is the oxide formed from Silicon?

Answer 23

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Silicon Dioxide is formed from the reaction of silicon with oxygen.

Question 24

What is the oxide formed from Phosphorus?

Answer 24

Phosphorus Oxide (P4O10)

Phosphorus Oxide is formed from the reaction of phosphorus with oxygen.

Question 25

What is the oxide formed from Sulfur?

Answer 25

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Sulfur Trioxide (SO3) ## Footnote Sulfur can form two oxides, SO2 and SO3, depending on conditions.

Question 26

What is the oxidation state of Sulfur in Sulfur Trioxide?

Answer 26

+6 ## Footnote Sulfur in SO3 has an oxidation state of +6, which requires high temperatures and a catalyst to form.

Question 27

What type of bonding is present in Sodium Oxide?

Answer 27

Ionic ## Footnote Sodium Oxide has ionic bonding due to the transfer of electrons from sodium to oxygen.

Question 28

What type of bonding is present in Magnesium Oxide?

Answer 28

Ionic ## Footnote Magnesium Oxide has ionic bonding similar to Sodium Oxide.

Question 29

What type of bonding is present in Silicon Dioxide?

Answer 29

Macromolecular ## Footnote Silicon Dioxide has a macromolecular structure, leading to its high melting point.

Question 30

What is the relative melting point of Aluminium Oxide?

Answer 30

2000 °C ## Footnote Aluminium Oxide has a high melting point due to its strong ionic bonds.

Question 31

What is the reactivity of Sodium Oxide?

Answer 31

Vigorous ## Footnote Sodium Oxide reacts vigorously with water to form sodium hydroxide.

Question 32

What is the reactivity of Silicon Dioxide?

Answer 32

Slow ## Footnote Silicon Dioxide reacts slowly with other substances, faster if powdered.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The relative melting point of Magnesium Oxide is _______ °C.

Answer 33

2750 ## Footnote Magnesium Oxide has one of the highest melting points among these oxides.

Question 34

What is the reactivity of Phosphorus Oxide?

Answer 34

Vigorous ## Footnote Phosphorus Oxide burns steadily, indicating its vigorous reactivity.

Question 35

True or False: Sulfur Trioxide has an oxidation state of +4.

Answer 35

False ## Footnote Sulfur Trioxide has an oxidation state of +6.

Question 36

What type of ions do sodium and magnesium form?

Answer 36

Sodium forms 1+ ions, while magnesium forms 2+ ions ## Footnote This is due to their positions in the periodic table.

Question 37

Why is sodium more reactive than magnesium?

Answer 37

Sodium loses one electron to form an ion, while magnesium loses two electrons. ## Footnote Less energy is required to ionize sodium.

Question 38

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

Answer 38

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ ## Footnote This reaction produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Question 39

What is the reaction of magnesium with water?

Answer 39

Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂ ## Footnote This reaction is slow but can be sped up using steam.

Question 40

How can the speed of magnesium's reaction with water be increased?

Answer 40

By using steam instead of water ## Footnote Steam provides greater energy, resulting in a violent reaction.

Question 41

What is produced when magnesium reacts with steam?

Answer 41

Magnesium oxide (MgO) and hydrogen gas (H₂) ## Footnote The reaction can burn with a bright white flame.

Question 42

What are the highest oxidation states for period 3 elements when reacting with oxygen?

Answer 42

The highest oxidation state is often the same as the group number ## Footnote For example, aluminum has an oxidation state of +3.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: Sodium and magnesium both react ______ to form positive ions.

Answer 43

ionically

Question 44

True or False: Magnesium burns with a bright white flame when it reacts with water.

Answer 44

False ## Footnote Magnesium burns with a bright white flame when reacting with steam, not water.