Period 4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
The power of the Supreme Court to strike down an act of Congress by declaring it unconstitutional. This principle was established by the Marshall Court in the 1803 case of Marbury vs. Madison.
Judicial Review
This was a set of proposals sponsored by Henry Clay to unify the nation and strengthen the economy by means of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements or transportation projects such as canals and new roads.
American System
This is a set of political beliefs associated with Andrew Jackson and his followers. This included respect for the common man, expansion of white male suffrage, appointment of political supporters to government positions, and opposition to privileged Eastern elites.
Jacksonian Democracy
A legal theory that a state in the United States has the right to invalidate any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional.
Nullification
The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods among regional and national markets. This was reflected by an increase of the output of farms and factories, entrepreneurial activities, and the creation of new types of transportation.
Market Revolution
This was the nickname for Jefferson’s narrowly defeating Adams in the Presidential election of 1800, thus ending the Federalist decade.
Revolution of 1800
The purchase of this territory was faced by a dilemma of President Jefferson and its Constitutionality. This territory doubled the size of the United States.
Louisiana Territory/Purchase
This act in 1807 stopped the exporting of all American goods to Europe with the hopes of keeping America out of European conflicts. This act became very unpopular with New England shippers.
Embargo Act
This conflict occurred as a result of the British policy of impressment, issues over land expansion, and the conflicts with Native Americans along the Mississippi and Ohio River territories.
War of 1812
Presidential period that began with a surge of nationalism overwhelmed from the win of the War of 1812 and the elimination of political party competition.
Monroe’s Era of Good Feeling
This was a unilateral declaration of principles that stated that republican governments in the Americas were different and separate from the monarchical systems in Europe. From this, the United States would not tolerate the creation of new European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. This policy had little effect at the time but would later become the basis for U.S. naval policy.
Monroe Doctrine
This compromise developed to ensure the balance of slave and free states that were represented within Congress in 1820. The territory of Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state which led to the 36’30’ line as “a sacred pact” that should never be broken.
Missouri Compromise
In 1828, Congress unexpectedly passed a protective tariff that pushed rates to over 50% of the value of imports. Led by South Carolina, the southern states branded this tax an “Abomination”. This protest led to a response by President Jackson of the Force Bill and an eventual paying of the tax.
Tariff of Abominations
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented this machine that would contribute to the start of the Civil War. This machine revolutionized the Southern economy with an exuberant increase in cotton production.
Cotton Gin
This experiment included hiring young New England women to work in a textile factory and live in a nearby town. These women worked 12 hours a day for 6 days a week which showed that women could be part of the new Market Revolution changes.
Lowell Mill Girls
Central & Western New York became known as this district because of the particularly fervent revivals that went across the region. This region is where the Mormons, Shakers, and Trancendatilists all developed.
Burned Over Districts/2nd Great Awakening
This reformer launched a crusade to create special hospitals for the mentally ill. She worked to create mental asylums instead of placing people in need into prison.
Dorothea Dix
This reform movement became a widespread campaign to convince Americans to consume less alcohol.
Temperance
This reformer had a more gradual approach to ending slavery but worked to spread the word to all that read his paper “The Liberator”. This paper employed many famous freed slaves and writers fighting for equal rights.
William Lloyd Garrison
This reformer was a freedman who was a gifted orator and writer. “I appear before this immense assembly this evening as a thief and robber. I stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master and ran off with them.” This reformer worked for immediate political equality for all.
Frederick Douglass
This was the idea that women should be idealized in their role as wives and mothers. As a nurturing mother and faithful spouse, the wife created a home that was a “haven in a heartless world.” The home thus became a refuge from the world rather than a productive economic unit.
Cult of Domesticity
This group of reformers was a small but influential group of writers and thinkers who lived in and around Boston. They believed that God lived within each individual and every person possessed an inner soul or spirit and a capacity to find spiritual truth. Truth can be found in nature.
Transcendentalists
This group of reformers was a small but influential group of writers and thinkers who lived in and around Boston. They believed that God lived within each individual and every person possessed an inner soul or spirit and a capacity to find spiritual truth. Truth can be found in nature.
Transcendentalists
This meeting lasted for 2 days and resulted in the “Declaration of Sentiments”. The meeting passed a series of resolutions to create greater equal opportunities and rights for women including suffrage.
Seneca Falls Convention
