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APUSH > Period 8 > Flashcards

Period 8 Flashcards

LEQ Topics (76 cards)

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1
Q

Contextualization Prior to 1945

A

Much of Europe had suffered damage from WW2. US was Unscated. US had to reintegrate soldiers back into the economy. USSR took the most casualties. Relations between USSR and US would sour.

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2
Q

Economy

A

High economic growth, reach $300 Billion by 1950.

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3
Q

Suburbanization

A

A product of the new, stronger economy. Led to the realization of the American dream thanks to the GI Bill giving money to returning soldiers.

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4
Q

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act

A

Also known at the GI Bill, it gave returning veterans money.

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5
Q

Baby Boom

A

Thanks to Suburbanization and the GI Bill, a massive growth in population occured.

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6
Q

Rise of the Sunbelt

A

A region known as the Sunbelt started gaining more and more industries. This region stretched all the way from Washington to Florida.

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7
Q

Fall of the Rustbelt

A

Formerly known as the “Steel belt” and “Factory Belt.” It consisted of northern states along the great lakes which had great industrial capacity. It started losing its industries after WW2.

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8
Q

Discrimination: Suburban and Urban

A

Discrimination went on the rise as poorer and non-white Americans were unable to enter certain areas due to being economically challenged. This led to the suburbs becoming a sort of “White Man’s Land”

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9
Q

Housing Act of 1949

A

An act that budgeted $3 Billion for slum clearance and new low-rent housing.

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10
Q

Minimum Wage Act of 1949

A

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was amended to increase the minimum wage.

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11
Q

Social Security Act of 1950

A

An act that increased Social Security coverage to individuals who were self-employed, and retirees were given increased benefits.

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12
Q

Taft-Hartley Act

A

An act passed over president Truman’s veto, it greatly weakened unions.

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13
Q

Committee on Civil Rights

A

A committee created by Truman to start countering discrimination.

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14
Q

League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)

A

An organization that fought discrimination against the Latino community.

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15
Q

Delgado v. Bastrop School District

A

A court case that allowed people of Hispanic descent to go to public school.

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16
Q

President Harry S. Truman

A

US president from 1945 to 1953, he served as the first Cold War president and was the 33rd US president.

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17
Q

President Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

US president from 1953 to 1961, he served as the second Cold War president, as a five star general after WW2, and as the 34th US president.

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18
Q

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

A

A department originally recommended by Truman, it was formed during Eisenhower’s administration.

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19
Q

Social Security Act Amendments of 1954

A

Increased the reach of the Social Security Act to include state and local government employees and farmers. Retirees now received cost-of-living increases.

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20
Q

Social Security Act Amendment of 1956

A

An amendment to the social security act that covered the cost of physicians for retirees. It also lowered the age required to sixty-two for women and fifty for the disabled.

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21
Q

National Defense Education Act of 1958

A

Allocated $1 Billion for education in concern for Soviet advancements in technology.

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22
Q

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

A

A court case that led to the dismantling of the Jim Crow laws. It also overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.

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23
Q

African American Civil Rights movement

A

After Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was ignored, the African American Civil Rights movement took full force, making the south fully desegregate.

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24
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

A boycott of busses by the African American community which helped desegregate busses. It also led to the rise of Martin Luther King Jr. as a leader of the African American Civil Rights movement.

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25
Civil Rights Act of 1957
First civil rights legislation since the reconstruction era, it enforced voting rights that had been denied in the south to African Americans.
26
Military Industrial Complex
A new industry which was warned about by President Dwight D Eisenhower in his final years. It grew out of the heavy defense spending by the US during WW2 and the Cold War.
27
President John F. Kennedy
35th US President, he would go on to be assassinated in his third year. Was known for being a progressive president.
28
Minimum Wage Act of 1961
Minimum wage was increased to $1.25 an hour.
29
Social Security Act Amendments 1961-1963
Coverage was extended to children of unemployed workers and increased the payment given to retirees. However, retirement before sixty-fife now had a penalty.
30
NASA
Officially known as the Nation Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA would go on to compete with the Soviet space program during the space race. It would go on to land the first man on the moon.
31
Lyndon B. Johnson
36th President following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, he would start the Great Society reform program.
32
Great Society reform Program
A program inspired by FDR's New Deal, it sought and succeeded in reforming many parts of the US.
33
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
An act that authorized $1 billion for the War on Poverty.
34
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
An act that provided extensive financial aid to public and parochial schools.
35
Medicare Act of 1965
An act that provided nursing and hospital care, it was funded by the Social Security system, to the elderly.
36
The Wilderness Act of 1964
An act that preserved 9 million acres of forest land from commercial development
37
The immigration Act of 1965
An act that was a dramatic policy shift. It saw American immigration law be amended to end discriminatory quotas that had been established in 1920.
38
Civil Rights Act of 1964
An act that strengthened anti-segregation policies by withholding federal funding to states that did not comply with federal laws regarding voting rights, education, and public facilities.
39
Voting Rights Act of 1965
An act that forbade literacy tests under certain circumstances and authorized the president to enforce the Fifteenth Amendment.
40
Malcom X
A more violent counterpart of Martin Luther King Jr., he led the Black Nationalism movement but eventually backed out after realizing his wrongdoings. He was assassinated in 1964.
41
The Feminine Mystique
A book published in 1963 which argued that women should have an opportunity to participate in the corporate and political world.
42
Equal Pay Act
An act that aimed to end sex based discrimination in work by requiring employers to pay the same amount to any employee regardless of gender.
43
President Richard Milhous Nixon
37th US president, he had an unfortunate legacy that ruined the reputation of the president.
44
Removal of the Gold Standard
The Gold standard was removed under Nixon's administration to try to resolve inflation.
45
Environmental Protection Agency
An agency that aimed to protect the environment created during Nixon's precidency. It saw passage of the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
46
Twenty-sixth Amendment
An amendment to the constitution that lowered the voting age to 18.
47
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
An organization formed by oil producing countries, it started an oil embargo in 1973 which greatly increased gas prices.
48
Watergate Scandal
A scandal that tarnished the trust the president had, it was a coverup of a crime committed by Nixon's supporters.
49
Gerald R. Ford
The 38th US president, and the only vice president to become president without being elected.
50
Jimmy Carter
39th US president after Gerald R. Ford, he started working on fixing the economy.
51
Department of Energy
A department created under Jimmy Carter's presidency to manage energy.
52
Department of Education
A department created under Jimmy Carter's presidency to manage Education.
53
Ronal Reagan
The 40th US President, would mark the end of Period 8.
54
Split up of Germany
Following WW2, Germany was split between the US, France, Britain, and the USSR. The USSR side would become East Germany and the other parts would reunify into West Germany.
55
Truman Doctrine
A doctrine under Truman's administration to support all the free people from being subjugated by communism.
56
Marshall Plan
A plan to address much of the war torn European Economy, it had terms very that prevented the USSR from receiving aid.
57
Berlin Blockade and Airlift
Following a period of tension between the US and USSR, the road to Berlin was blockaded by the Soviets. The Response to this was the Berlin Airlift which successfully saw the same amount of resources be transferred by air rather than by land to West Berlin.
58
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
An organization with the goal to keep the communists out, and keep the US in.
59
NSC-68
A US National Security Council memorandum that recommended to President Truman that the US increase its conventional and nuclear capabilities to send a message to the Kremlin.
60
Sputnik
The world's first satellite launched by the USSR, it would mark the beginning of the space race.
61
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
A treaty that banned the transfer of nuclear weapons to no nuclear nations.
62
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I)
Talks that would attempt to prevent the expansion of the US and Soviet Nuclear arsenals.
63
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
A treaty that restricted the development of defense systems that could be used against strategic ballistic missiles.
64
Cuban Missile Crisis
A crisis that occured due to the placement of nuclear armed missiles in Cuba.
65
Organization of American States (OAS)
An organization that aimed to address the continent's economic stagnation. It would go on to do little.
66
Overthrowing of Guatemalan Government
A CIA mission to overthrow the Guatemalan Government after nationalizing American plantations.
67
Chinese Civil War
A conflict that began prior to WW2, it would eventually end with the Chinese Communist Party taking control of the entirety of China.
68
Korean War
One of the first proxy wars between the US and USSR, it would see North and South Korea go back and forth until eventually a ceasefire halted combat.
69
Vietnam War
Another proxy war which saw official US intervention. It would grow to be very unpopular in the US due to being the first televised war.
70
1954 Geneva conference
A conference that broke up French Indochina into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
71
Panama Canal Treaty
A treaty under Carter's presidency which returned the Panama Canal zone to Panama in 2000.
72
Jimmy Carter's Foreign Affairs
President Carter would aim to strengthen relations in third world countries to improve US reputation.
73
Camp David Accords
A peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel which while it did not bring peace to the region, it did ease relations between the two countries.
74
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
A treaty signed with the Soviet to de escalate the Cold War.
75
USSR Afghanistan Invasion
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan saw the US army Afghan fighters and reject sending athletes to the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
76
Iranian crisis
The overthrow of a US backed shah of Iran in 1979 caused the eventual seizing of a US embassy, leading to the Iranian crisis.

APUSH (4 decks)

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