Period 8 Chapter 25 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Sputnik 1 and 2
They were both satellites that were launched into space by the Soviet union
Eisenhower extended federal spending after the Soviets launched them
Federal Highway Act (1956)
Law passed by Congress in 1956, appropriating $32 billion for the construction of interstate highways
National Defense Education Act of 1958
A ten-part act that sought to improve instruction in science, mathematics, and foreign languages and included federally backed low-interest.
This is because Eisenhower noticed that in American education, they were all poor in these subjects
Army-McCarthy hearings
Congressional investigations by Senator Joseph McCarthy televised in 1954; the hearings revealed McCarthy’s villainous nature and ended his popularity.
New Look
National security policy under Eisenhower that called for a reduction in the size of the army, development of tactical nuclear weapons, and the buildup of strategic air power to deploy nuclear weapons.
Massive Retaliation
Term that Secretary of State John Foster Dulles used in a 1954 speech, implying that the United States was willing to use nuclear force in response to Communist aggression anywhere.
Brinkmanship
Practice of seeking to win disputes in international politics by creating the impression of being willing to push a highly dangerous situation to the limit.
Third World
Developing nations that claimed to be independent of either the Western capitalist or Communist blocs; both sides tested this neutrality in the Cold War, as each used a variety of means to include third world nations in their camps.
Third World
Developing nations that claimed to be independent of either the Western capitalist or Communist blocs; both sides tested this neutrality in the Cold War, as each used a variety of means to include third world nations in their camps.
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) An agency created in 1947 to gather and evaluate military, political, social, and economic information on foreign nations.
Eisenhower Doctrine
Policy formulated by Eisenhower of providing military and economic aid to Arab nations in the Middle East to help defeat Communist-nationalistic rebellions.
Viet Minh
Vietnamese army made up of Communist and other nationalist groups led by Ho Chi Minh that fought from 1946 to 1954 for independence from French rule.
Domino Theory
The idea that if one nation came under Communist control, then neighboring nations would also fall to the Communists.
Nikita Khrushchev
Soviet leader who denounced Stalin in 1956 and improved the Soviet Union’s image abroad; he was deposed in 1964, after six years as premier, for his failure to improve the country’s economy.
Nikita Khrushchev
Soviet leader who denounced Stalin in 1956 and improved the Soviet Union’s image abroad; he was deposed in 1964, after six years as premier, for his failure to improve the country’s economy.
Keynesianism
The economic theories of Lord John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), who promoted government intervention in the economy, arguing that expanding and contracting the money supply and regulating interest rates could stimulate economic growth during periods of recession and, when needed, reduce inflation.
Standard of Living
Level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries currently available and affordable.
Elvis Presley
Immensely popular rock ’n’ roll musician from a poor white family in Mississippi; many of his songs and concert performances were considered sexually suggestive.
Beats
Group of American writers, poets, and artists in the 1950s, including Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, who rejected traditional middle-class values and championed nonconformity and sexual experimentation.
Brown v. Board of Education
A 1954 Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that separate educational facilities for different races were inherently unequal.
Thurgood Marshall
Civil rights lawyer who argued thirty-two cases before the Supreme Court and won twenty-nine; he became the first African American justice of the Supreme Court in 1967.
Southern Manifesto
A statement issued by 106 southern congressmen in 1954, after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, pledging to oppose desegregation.
Rosa Parks
Black seamstress who refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955, triggering a bus boycott that energized the civil rights movement.
MLK Jr.
Ordained Baptist minister and civil rights leader committed to nonviolence; a brilliant orator, he led many of the important protests of the 1950s and 1960s.
