Period 8 Chapter 26 Flashcards
(32 cards)
New Frontier
Program for social and educational reform put forward by President John F. Kennedy and largely resisted by Congress.
challenged the nation to improve the overall quality of life of all Americans and to stand fast against the Communist threat
Sit In
The act of sitting peacefully in an establishment to protest its policies—a tactic used to protest segregation that energized civil rights activism at the start of the 1960s.
In the south
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Organization formed in 1960 to give young blacks a greater voice in the civil rights movement; it initiated black voter registration drives, sit-ins, and freedom rides.
A new civil rights organization that was built around the sit-in movement
Freedom Rides
An effort in which civil rights protesters rode buses throughout the South in 1961, despite attacks and arrests, seeking to achieve the integration of bus terminals.
James Meredith
Black student admitted to the University of Mississippi under federal court order in 1962; in spite of rioting by racist mobs, he finished the year and graduated in 1963.
* Many federal marshals arrived to guard Meredith but many white students and nonstudents attacked him and the marshals that were protecting him
March on Washington
Meeting of a quarter of a million civil rights supporters in Washington in 1963, at which Martin Luther King Jr., delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.
Bay of Pigs
Site of a 1961 CIA-sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles and mercenaries; the invasion was crushed within three days and embarrassed the United States.
Berlin Wall
Wall between East and West Berlin that the Soviets erected during the 1961 Berlin crisis to stem the flow of refugees out of Eastern Europe.
Strategic Air Command (SAC
U.S. military unit formed in March 1946 to conduct long-range bombing operations anywhere in the world; its first strategic plan, completed in 1949, projected nuclear attacks on seventy Soviet cities. SAC was abolished in 1992 as part of the reorganization of the Department of Defense.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Confrontation, seemingly threatening war, over Soviet missiles deployed in Cuba; the Soviets ultimately withdrew the missiles.
Viet Cong
Vietnamese Communist rebels in South Vietnam.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Law that barred segregation in public facilities and forbade employers to discriminate on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin.
War on Poverty
Lyndon Johnson’s program to help Americans escape poverty through education, job training, and community development.
New Right
Conservative movement within the Republican Party that opposed liberal reforms of the 1960s, demanding less federal government interference with state and local power and a return to traditional values.
○ Gideaon v. Wainwright (1963)
○ Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
○ Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Three 1960s Supreme Court rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one, and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.
Three 1960s Supreme Court rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one, and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.
Three 1960s Supreme Court rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one, and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.
Great Society
Social program that Johnson announced in 1964; it included the War on Poverty, protection of civil rights, and funding for education.
Freedom Summer
Effort by civil rights groups in Mississippi to register black voters and cultivate black pride during the summer of 1964.
Freedom March
Civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, in March 1965; the violent treatment of protesters by local authorities helped galvanize national opinion against segregationists.
Voting Rights Act
A 1965 law that outlawed literacy and other voting tests and authorized federal supervision of elections in areas where black voting had been restricted.
Medicaid and Medicare
Program of health insurance for the poor established in 1965; it provides states with money to buy healthcare for people on welfare.
Program of health insurance for elderly people and those with disabilities; established in 1965, it provides government payment for healthcare supplied by private doctors and hospitals.
Watts
Predominantly black neighborhood of Los Angeles where a race riot in August 1965 did $45 million in damage and took the lives of twenty-eight blacks.
Stokely Carmichael
Civil rights activist who led SNCC and coined the term “Black Power” to describe the need for blacks to use militant tactics to force whites to accept political and social change.
Black Power
Movement begun in 1966 that rejected the nonviolent, coalition-building approach of traditional civil rights groups and advocated black control of black organizations; the self-determination approach was adopted by Latinos (Brown Power) and Native Americans (Red Power).
Black Muslims
Popular name for the Nation of Islam, an African American religious group founded by Elijah Muhammad, which professed Islamic religious beliefs and emphasized black separatism.
