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AP World History > Period III Exam > Flashcards

Period III Exam Flashcards

1
Q

nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats

A

Bedouin

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2
Q

Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam

A

Mecca

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3
Q

town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad’s flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar

A

Medina

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4
Q

clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty

A

Umayyad

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5
Q

(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh

A

Muhammad

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6
Q

the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam

A

Qur’an

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7
Q

community of the faithful within Islam

A

Umma

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8
Q

Five Pillars

A

-confession of faith
-prayer
-fasting during Ramadan
-giving of alms
-hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

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9
Q

the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community

A

Caliph

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10
Q

succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph

A

Abu Bakr

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11
Q

Islamic holy war

A

Jihad

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12
Q

followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads

A

Sunnis

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13
Q

followers of Ali’s interpretation of Islam

A

Shi’a

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14
Q

“the people of the book”– Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus

A

Dhimmis

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15
Q

dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad

A

Abbasids

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16
Q

nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids

A

Seljuk Turks

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17
Q

invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291

A

Crusades

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18
Q

Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking

A

Ulama

19
Q

Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions

A

Sufis

20
Q

central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph

A

Mongols

21
Q

(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms

A

Chinggis Khan

22
Q

flourishing trading city/port in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya

A

Malacca

23
Q

state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers

A

Mali

24
Q

title of the ruler of Mali

A

Mansa Musa

25
Q

Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world

A

Ibn Battuta

26
Q

successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao

A

Songhay

27
Q

urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar

A

East African trading ports

28
Q

with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa

A

Great Zimbabwe

29
Q

commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c

A

Kiev

30
Q

ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity

A

Vladmir I

31
Q

Russian Orthodoxy

A

Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire

32
Q

Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800

A

Charlemagne

33
Q

political heirs to Charlemagne’s empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy

A

Holy Roman Emperors

34
Q

personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service

A

Feudalism

35
Q

Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law

A

Magna Carta

36
Q

bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe’s population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia

A

Black Death

37
Q

emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia

A

Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism

38
Q

Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency

A

Flying money

39
Q

male imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.

A

Footbinding

40
Q

mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor

A

Samurai

41
Q

one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c

A

Golden Horde

41
Q

extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions

A

Sinification

42
Q

one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire

A

Ilkhan khanate

AP World History (6 decks)

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