Periodic Table and Atomic Structure - Additional Revision Flashcards
To get 100% in the upcoming test. (31 cards)
What are the gases, liquids and solids on the periodic table?
There are 2 liquids, 11 gases and the rest are solids.
What are groups?
They are the vertical columns on the periodic table that put elements with similar properties together.
What are the main groups?
Alkali metals (reactive metals), halogens (reactive non-metals) and noble gases (non-reactive non-metals).
What are elements and compounds made up of?
Elements are made up of one type of atom, compounds are made up of two or more types of atoms.
What does the atomic number tell you?
How many protons are in an atom, and also the electrons unless it has a difference in charge.
What is the mass number?
The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
What is the calculation for the mass or atomic number?
PE-MAN - (P=E=[m=a+n]) / Protons = Electrons + (mass number = atomic number + neutrons)
How do you work out the number of neutrons?
Mass number - atomic number (PE-MAN / Mass number = atomic number+ neutrons: Mass number - atomic number = neutrons
What do electrons fill?
They fill up the lowest energy levels to the highest (2, 8, then 8, then so on…)
Why do elements within a group usually have similar properties?
They all have the same number of outer electrons.
How are periods grouped together?
The period number is also the number of energy levels.
How do you work out Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)?
(% of isotope X mass) + (repeat for isotope two, and same again for all the others).
Why do we use R.A.M. calculations?
Most elements exist as a mixture of isotopes, so we can determine the most common type by whatever isotope the R.A.M. is closest to. However, if the R.A.M. is exactly halfway between two isotope masses, we know there is an equal mixture.
How do you work out whether an element will lose or gain an electron?
If it is non-metal it gains, but if it is metal then it loses. If the number of outer electrons is closest to the max number for the energy level, it gains, but if it is closest to 0, it loses.
What are captions and anions?
Captions are positively charged metals as a result of losing an electron, and anions are negatively charged non-metals because they gain an electron.
What is covalent bonding?
Where atoms with unstable electron arrangements attract each other and form a shared electron pair to fill up their outer energy level.
What are diatomic molecules?
Any compound made up of only two atoms. There are seven diatomic molecule elements. The mnemonic is Have No Fear of Ice Cold Beer.
What is a prefix?
A chemical name that lets us write the chemical formula. The prefix tells us how many of each atom there is.
What does it mean if a chemical name ends with -ide?
It means that two or more elements are joined together.
What does it mean if a chemical name ends with -ite or -ate?
It will contain two or more elements with oxygen joined together.
What is valency?
It is the combining power of an element. The valency relates to how many electrons the outer shell contains.
How do you work out the chemical formula in a diagram?
Work out the valency of the elements involved, draw out the symbols with the number of threads corresponding to the valency, and then draw more element symbols so that there are enough to completely match up the bonds.
How do you work out the chemical formula in a valency calculation?
Write out the symbols of the two elements involved along with their corresponding valency. Then switch each valency value around to the other element, and simplify the values as much as possible.
How does valency work with transition metals?
Between groups 2 and 3, the elements can have ions with more than one charge. Therefore, valency is shown in Roman numerals after the name of the metal.
