Some naming alkanes stuff Flashcards
To cook on the next test (28 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.
What is the thing for remembering counting carbons in chemistry?
Monkeys Eat Peanut Butter. Penguins Have Horrible Organs.
What are the counting names for carbons in chemistry?
1 Meth, 2 Eth, 3 Prop, 4 But, 5 Pent, 6 Hex, 7 Hept, 8 Oct
What does saturated and unsaturated mean?
Saturated means it is composed of entirely single bonds, but unsaturated has at least one double (or triple) bond.
What are alkanes?
Saturated (single covalent bonds) hydrocarbons.
What is the rule for atom bonds in hydrocarbons?
Carbons must have 4 bonds, hydrogen can only have 1 bond.
What is the structural formula for alkanes where ‘n’ is the number of carbon atoms?
CnH(2n+2) Or the hydrogen atoms are equal to 2 times the carbon atoms + 2
What is molecular formula?
The number of each atom in a molecule (simplest form).
What is the full structural formula?
A diagram drawn out showing the arrangement of the atoms.
What is the shortened structural formula?
Each branch of the molecule is listed with the amounts of each atom, usually going from left to right.
What is a homologous series?
It is a family of hydrocarbons with the same general formula and similar chemical properties, like alkanes or alkenes.
What are alkenes?
They are unsaturated (contain at least one double bond) hydrocarbons.
What is the formula for alkenes where ‘n’ is the number of carbon atoms?
CnH2n (or the hydrogen atoms are double the carbons).
How are polymers made?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons have their double bonds broken.
How are suffixes worked out in naming hydrocarbons?
If a molecule has single bonds between carbons it will end with -ane but if it has double it’s -ene.
How are other bonds done on double bonds?
Either diagonally or up if its just one.
What are isomers?
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula. (Same number of atoms but arranged differently).
What are ways to make isomers?
1) Instead of all carbons in a row, have branches. 2) Alkenes and cycloalkanes of the same number of carbons will be isomers. 3) Alkenes larger than propene can have the carbon moved to a double bond.
What are molecules called depending on their formation?
When all the carbon atoms lie in a line, it is called a straight chain molecule. When it has multiple branches, it is called a branched chain molecule.
What are the rules of naming branches?
1) The number of carbons determines the prefix. 2) The location of the branch is given by a number. 3) When numbering a chain, start from the end nearest the branch. 4) Multiple branches have multiple numbers, separated by numbers. When the same branch appears more than once, use the prefix di, tri, etc.
How do you get the main name?
Count the longest pathway or chain of carbons.
What are the number names for branches?
Methyl (1), Ethyl (2).
Alkyl rule?
Alkyl groups (branches) is placed in alphabetical order in front of the main name. Numbers are seperated from letters with hyphens.
What is a functional group?
The c=c (or double bond) in an alkene molecule. It gives the molecule its chemical properties, i.e. makes the molecule function as an alkene.
