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chemistry > periodic table and trends in it > Flashcards

periodic table and trends in it Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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2
Q

True or False: The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic mass.

A

False

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3
Q

What are groups in the periodic table?

A

Vertical columns that contain elements with similar chemical properties.

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4
Q

What are periods in the periodic table?

A

Horizontal rows that indicate the number of electron shells.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Elements in the same group have the same number of _______.

A

valence electrons

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6
Q

Which element is in Group 1 of the periodic table?

A

Lithium (Li)

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7
Q

What is a metalloid?

A

An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals.

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8
Q

True or False: Noble gases are highly reactive.

A

False

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9
Q

What trend in atomic radius occurs as you move down a group?

A

The atomic radius increases.

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10
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

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11
Q

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

A

Fluorine (F)

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The elements in Group 17 are known as _______.

A

halogens

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13
Q

What happens to ionization energy as you move across a period from left to right?

A

Ionization energy increases.

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14
Q

What are alkali metals?

A

The elements in Group 1, known for being highly reactive.

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15
Q

True or False: Transition metals are found in the middle of the periodic table.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the significance of the ‘stair-step’ line on the periodic table?

A

It separates metals from nonmetals.

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17
Q

Which element is a noble gas?

A

Neon (Ne)

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18
Q

What is the trend in metallic character as you move down a group?

A

Metallic character increases.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the _______ of its isotopes.

A

masses

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20
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A one or two-letter abbreviation for an element.

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21
Q

What do the numbers in the periodic table represent?

A

The atomic number of each element.

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22
Q

True or False: All elements in a period have the same number of valence electrons.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the most abundant element in the universe?

A

Hydrogen (H)

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Elements in Group 2 are known as _______.

A

alkaline earth metals

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25
What is the trend in reactivity for alkali metals?
Reactivity increases down the group.
26
Which element is the lightest noble gas?
Helium (He)
27
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion.
28
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion.
29
Fill in the blank: The first 20 elements can be memorized using a mnemonic such as _______.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne
30
True or False: Nonmetals are typically good conductors of electricity.
False
31
What does the term 'valence shell' refer to?
The outermost electron shell of an atom.
32
Which group contains elements that are typically found in nature as diatomic molecules?
Group 17 (Halogens)
33
What is the general trend of ionization energy across a period?
Ionization energy increases.
34
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.
electron cloud
35
What is the primary characteristic of metals?
They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
36
True or False: The periodic table was first organized by Dmitri Mendeleev.
True
37
What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
Ionization energy
38
What is the primary difference between isotopes of an element?
The number of neutrons in the nucleus.
39
What is the trend in atomic size as you move from left to right across a period?
Atomic size decreases.
40
What is the most reactive group of nonmetals?
Group 17 (Halogens)
41
Fill in the blank: The _______ of an element is the average of the atomic masses of its isotopes.
atomic weight
42
What determines the chemical properties of an element?
The arrangement of electrons, particularly in the valence shell.
43
True or False: Elements in the same period have similar properties.
False
44
Which element is a liquid at room temperature?
Bromine (Br)
45
What is a periodic trend?
A pattern of variation in a property of elements across the periodic table.
46
What is the main reason for the periodic trends observed in the periodic table?
The arrangement of electrons in the atom.
47
Fill in the blank: The _______ refers to the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.
electronegativity
48
What is the trend in electronegativity as you move down a group?
Electronegativity decreases.
49
What is the term for elements that have similar properties and are found in the same group?
Chemical family
50
Which element is the heaviest naturally occurring element?
Uranium (U)
51
Fill in the blank: The _______ of an element is the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
mass number
52
What is the general trend of electron affinity across a period?
Electron affinity increases.
53
True or False: Transition metals often form colored compounds.
True
54
What is the significance of the lanthanides and actinides?
They are two rows of elements that are placed below the main body of the periodic table.
55
What does the term 'octet rule' refer to?
Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.
56
Fill in the blank: The _______ of an atom is the central part that contains protons and neutrons.
nucleus
57
What is the trend in nonmetallic character as you move down a group?
Nonmetallic character decreases.
58
What is the primary characteristic of nonmetals?
They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
59
True or False: Hydrogen is classified as a metal.
False
60
What is the term for the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom?
Electron affinity
61
What does the term 'ionic bond' refer to?
A bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
62
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
63
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the area of the periodic table that includes the lanthanides and actinides.
f-block
64
What is the primary use of noble gases?
They are used in lighting and welding due to their inertness.
65
True or False: The periodic table is based on the properties of elements and their atomic structure.
True
66
What is the term for the vertical columns in the periodic table?
Groups
67
What is the horizontal row in the periodic table called?
Period
68
Fill in the blank: The _______ trend refers to the increase in ionization energy across a period.
periodic
69
What do alkali metals react with to form hydroxides?
Water
70
True or False: Halogens can form salts when they react with metals.
True
71
What is the primary characteristic of transition metals?
They can form various oxidation states.

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