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chemistry > the atom > Flashcards

the atom Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter?

A

Atom

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2
Q

True or False: Electrons have a positive charge.

A

False

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3
Q

What are the three primary subatomic particles?

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.

A

Protons, Neutrons

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5
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutral

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which particle has the smallest mass?

A

Electrons

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7
Q

What determines the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The arrangement of electrons

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8
Q

True or False: The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first energy level?

A

2

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10
Q

Which subatomic particle is found in the electron cloud?

A

Electrons

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Electrons are arranged in ______ around the nucleus.

A

Energy levels

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12
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the electron cloud model?

A

Electrons are found in probabilistic regions around the nucleus.

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14
Q

What is the term for the outermost electrons of an atom?

A

Valence electrons

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15
Q

True or False: An atom’s mass number is the sum of protons and electrons.

A

False

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The second energy level can hold a maximum of ______ electrons.

A

8

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17
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has gained or lost electrons.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which principle explains the arrangement of electrons in an atom?

A

Aufbau principle

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19
Q

What is the role of neutrons in the nucleus?

A

To stabilize the nucleus

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20
Q

True or False: All atoms of an element have the same number of neutrons.

A

False

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Electrons in higher energy levels are ______ from the nucleus.

A

Farther

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22
Q

What is the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

A

A model that describes electrons in terms of probabilities rather than fixed orbits.

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of orbital?

A

Square

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24
Q

What do we call atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?

A

Isotopes

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25
True or False: The higher the energy level, the more energy the electrons possess.
True
26
Fill in the blank: The arrangement of electrons in an atom is known as its ______.
Electron configuration
27
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
28
Multiple Choice: Which quantum number describes the shape of an orbital?
Angular momentum quantum number
29
What is the significance of the octet rule?
Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.
30
True or False: Electrons can jump between energy levels.
True
31
Fill in the blank: The ______ model depicts electrons as particles in fixed orbits.
Bohr
32
What is a valence shell?
The outermost shell of an atom that contains valence electrons.
33
Multiple Choice: Which type of bond is formed when electrons are shared?
Covalent bond
34
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
A cation is positively charged, while an anion is negatively charged.
35
True or False: The electron configuration of an atom influences its reactivity.
True
36
Fill in the blank: The ______ principle states that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.
Aufbau
37
What is a noble gas configuration?
An electron configuration that has a full valence shell, similar to that of noble gases.
38
Multiple Choice: Which of the following elements has a complete outer shell?
Neon
39
What is the role of electrons in chemical bonding?
They are involved in the formation of bonds between atoms.
40
True or False: The number of protons and electrons is always equal in a neutral atom.
True
41
Fill in the blank: In an atom, protons are located in the ______.
Nucleus
42
What is the significance of the quantum numbers?
They describe the properties and location of electrons in an atom.
43
Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes a d orbital?
Dumbbell-shaped
44
What is the electron affinity?
The energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom.
45
True or False: Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.
True
46
Fill in the blank: The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is ______.
2
47
What is the principal quantum number?
It indicates the main energy level of an electron.
48
Multiple Choice: Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine
49
What is the significance of the electron configuration notation?
It provides a shorthand way to describe the distribution of electrons in an atom.
50
True or False: Electrons can exist in multiple energy states simultaneously.
False
51
Fill in the blank: The ______ shell is the first energy level where electrons can exist.
K
52
What is the difference between a ground state and an excited state?
Ground state is the lowest energy state; excited state has higher energy.
53
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is true about the energy of electrons?
Electrons in higher energy levels have more energy.
54
What is the significance of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
It states that the position and momentum of an electron cannot be simultaneously known with precision.
55
True or False: The electron cloud model replaced the Bohr model.
True
56
Fill in the blank: The ______ model describes electrons as waves.
Quantum
57
What is the role of the electromagnetic force in atomic structure?
It attracts electrons to the positively charged nucleus.
58
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes an s orbital?
Spherical shape
59
What is the concept of hybridization in chemistry?
The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals.
60
True or False: The number of energy levels an atom has is related to its period in the periodic table.
True
61
Fill in the blank: The ______ rule states that electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly before pairing.
Hund's
62
What is the relationship between atomic size and electron shielding?
Increased shielding leads to larger atomic size.
63
Multiple Choice: Which type of particle is responsible for the chemical reactivity of an atom?
Electrons
64
What is the significance of electron spin?
It is a fundamental property of electrons that contributes to their magnetic properties.
65
True or False: Electrons can be added to or removed from an atom without affecting its identity.
False
66
Fill in the blank: The ______ number indicates the orientation of an orbital in space.
Magnetic quantum
67
What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
Ionization energy
68
Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about orbitals is true?
Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons.
69
What is the significance of the periodic table in relation to electron arrangement?
It organizes elements according to their electron configurations and properties.
70
True or False: The outermost electrons are the least tightly bound to the nucleus.
True
71
Fill in the blank: The ______ of an atom is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus.
Atomic number
72
What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.

chemistry (2 decks)

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