Perioperative Nursing Flashcards by Audrey Mejia

All activities that prepare the patient for surgery

Preoperative

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All activities that occur from the time the patient is transferred to OR until he is transferred to recovery

Intraoperative

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From the time the patient is admitted to recovery and ends with the resolution of all surgical consequences

Postoperative

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Satellite patient

23 1/2 hour stay

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Surgery that confirms a diagnosis (ex. biopsy, endoscopy)

Diagnostic

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Surgery that confirms type and extent of disease (ex. laprotomy)

Explorative

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Surgery to repair or improve

Reconstructive

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Type of surgery that replaces joint or organ (ex. knee replacement)

Transplant surgery

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Surgery that removes or repairs diseased organ or structure (ex. appendectomy)

Curative

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Surgery that alleviates pain or symptoms (ex. tumor debulking)

Palliative surgery

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Type of surgery that preserves function or life of client. Could die ex. heart surgery

Emergent

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Type of surgery that requires prompt attention within 24-48 hrs. ASAP ex. incision drainage

Urgent

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Type of surgery that is indicated for health problems. ex. gallbladder surgery

Required surgery

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Type of surgery that satisfies a client, nonurgent. Ex. tonsillectomy

Elective

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Type of surgical facility located within 1 mile of hospital

Ambulatory surgical center

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PONV

Post anesthesia nausea and vomiting

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2 or more health conditions. Ex. Obesity and diabetes

Comorbidity

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Surgery using small keyhole incisions

Laparoscopic Surgery

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Ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.

Thermoregulation

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Body temperature of 96.8 or greater

Normothermia

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Proof that antibiotic given within 1 hr of surgery is effective

Evidence based practice

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An elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) 110% of predicted REE. Characterized by weight loss, anemia, high HR, excessive sweating, etc.

Hypermetabolic

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An inherited severe reaction to certain drugs used for anesthesia. This severe reaction typically includes a dangerously high body temperature, rigid muscles or spasms, a rapid heart rate, etc.

Malignant hyperthermia

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A medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Below 95 degrees

Hypothermia

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Urinary elimination post op minimum with foley

30 c.c. an hr

Urinary elimination post op without foley

Within 8 hrs of surgery

Another word for stable

Hemodynamic

Paralyzed bowel

Paralytic ileus

Actions taken to optimize recovery of patients after bowel surgery. Antibiotics, bowel prep, clear liquids up to 2 hrs before surgery.

ERAS - Enhanced recovery after surgery

Done to prevent fecal contamination for bowel surgeries

Bowel prep preop

Sequential compression device

SCD's

Informed consent must be done by....

Surgeon and witnessed by nurse

Sedation during procedures that don't require general anesthesia but do require you to remain calm and relaxed, such as a colonoscopy.

Versed

Antibiotics are given within ___ before incision and discontinued within___ hours

1 hr and 24 hrs

Coughing exercises

- Opens alveoli to prevent pneumonia - Sitting position - Deep breath hold for 3 seconds then cough deeply 2 or 3 times - Done every 2-3 hrs post op - Contraindicated for brain and intraocular surgeries

Also known as sitting position, patient positioning is typically used for neurosurgery and shoulder surgeries.

Fowler's position

Surgical position where patient is flat on their back

Supine

Surgical position where patient is on their stomach

Prone

Surgical position of the body for medical examination or operation in which the patient is placed head down on a table inclined at about 45 degrees from the floor with the knees uppermost and the legs hanging over the end of the table

Trendelenburg

A common position for surgical procedures and medical examinations involving the pelvis and lower abdomen

Lithotomy

Surgical position where the patient’s head and feet are both lower than the hips.

Kraske or Jackknife position

When the patient is positioned with the non-operative side placed on the surgical surface.

Lateral position

Device used to help you keep your lungs healthy after surgery or when you have a lung illness, such as pneumonia.

Incentive spirometer. Done every 1-2 hrs

Antiembolic stockings must be removed how many times a day?

Twice daily

OR BP is set for every ___ minutes

Every three minutes

Assists the surgeon by providing him with required supplies. Must anticipate needs. Prepares sterile table

Scrub nurse (sterile)

Manages care, protects patient safety and health needs. Monitors asepsis. Maintains count with scrub nurse

Circulating nurse (non-sterile)

What is not sterile on scrubbed staff?

Anything below the waist and on back

Unscrubbed staff must stay ___ ft away

One ft.

Standard air exchange in OR

16-20 air exchanges an hour

400-500 air exchanges an hour in OR

Laminar flow units

Type of anesthesia that produces decreased sensation and pain to selected body parts

Regional or epidural

Type of anesthesia that can trend upwards through body and cause respiratory distress

Regional

Type of anesthesia that decreases consciousness. Helps to reduce the awareness of pain

Conscious sedation AKA moderate or procedural

Anesthesia is removed from the body by what organ?

The lungs

Catgut and chromic sutures

Absorbable sutures

Nylon, synthetic, polypropylene and silk sutures. Used in wet body parts.

Non absorbable sutures

Heavy reinforcing sutures used within muscles. Used to support primary suture line

Retention sutures

Liquid adhesive suture

Dermabond

EBL meaning

Estimate blood loss

Sample of tissue sent for testing

"Frozen section"

Excess CO2 in body

Hypercapnia

Weakened pharynx after surgery. Pick up chin to improve breathing

Hypopharyngeal obstruction

Blood loss greater than 500 ccs causing organ shut down

Hypovolemic shock

Type of shock that causes cardiac pump failure

Cardiogenic shock

Shock caused by spinal cord injury

Neurogenic shock

Shock treatment

- Modified Trendelenburg - Lactated Ringer IV - Blood product

Slow oozing bleed comes from

Capillaries

Dark red, quick bleed comes from

Veins

Quick, bright red bleed comes from

Artery

Rapid breathing

tachypnea

Score scale used to determine if patient is able to be discharged from PACU

Aldrete score

Minimum of 9 needed to be moved from PACU. Consciousness, mobility, breathing, circulation, and color

Aldrete Score

Series of muscle contractions

Peristalsis

Hot, red, painful, site with yellow drainage. 4 to 5 days after operation.

Signs of infection

Condition where an area of the lungs collapses and leads to pneumonia, difficulty breathing. High mortality rate in children and seniors. Preventable with patient mobility

Atelectasis

On demand pain medication

patient-controlled analgesia (PCA pump) - Must understand self-dose - Must be alert and oriented

Pain relief using 2 drugs

Multimodal

Red, swollen, shiny looking, extremity

DVT

Scan used to determine airflow and blood flow in lungs

VQ scan (ventilation-perfusion scan)

Medication that has cut down on DVT embolisms

Heparin

*Wound Classification Uninfected, no trauma or inflammation

Clean

*Wound Classification An incision through which the respiratory, alimentary or genitourinary tract is entered under controlled conditions but with no contamination encountered

Clean contaminated

*Wound Classification Open, Traumatic wound especially in GI tract. No drainage

Contaminated

*Wound Classification Wound with purulent drainage

Dirty

*Stages of Wound Healing* This phase begins at the time of injury and lasts up to four days.

Inflammatory phase

*Stages of Wound Healing* This phase begins about three days after injury and overlaps with the inflammatory phase.

Proliferative

*Stages of Wound Healing* This phase can continue for six months to one year after injury.

Remodeling

Primary intention- suture Secondary intention- granulation & fills in Tertiary intention- deep wounds sutured later

*Types of Wound Healing*

Wound dehiscence

Reopening of wound

Protrusion of wound where organs come out

Wound eviseration

77% of surgical patients who die succumb to_______

sepsis associated with infection

Perioperative Nursing Flashcards

(92 cards)