Peripheral nervous system

Question 1

what are the two functional divisions of the PNS?

Answer 1

autonomic
somatic

Question 2

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

Answer 2

regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing. This system works automatically (autonomously), without a person’s conscious effort.

Question 3

What does sympathetic nervous system do in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

the part of your nervous system that carries signals related to your “fight-or-flight” response

Question 4

What does parasympathetic nervous system do in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

balances your sympathetic nervous system. your parasympathetic nervous system helps to control your body’s response during times of rest.

Question 5

What does the somatic nervous system do? (2)

Answer 5

allows you to move and control muscles throughout your body. It also feeds information from four of your senses — smell, sound, taste and touch — into your brain.

Question 6

What are the two types of nerves that sit within the somatic nervous system? how many of each?

Answer 6

spinal nerves (31 pairs)
Cranial nerves (12 pairs)

Question 7

Where do the cranial nerves come from?

Answer 7

directly from the brain

Question 8

In the somatic system, which nerves arise from the cerebrum?

Answer 8

optic nerves
olfactory nerves

Question 9

where do the other 10 nerves from the brainstem extend into?

Answer 9

the periphery and therefore the group are classed within the PNS

Question 10

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 10

31pairs

Question 11

are all spinal nerves part of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

How are the cervical spinal nerves named?

Answer 12

by the vertebrae below

Question 13

How are all nerves except the cervical spinal nerves named?

Answer 13

by the number of the single vertebrae above

Question 14

Where in the spinal cord are the sensory fibres located?

Answer 14

in the posterior root

Question 15

Where in the spinal cord are the motor fibres located?

Answer 15

in the anterior root

Question 16

what does the posterior root and anterior root join to form?

Answer 16

the peripheral nerves: mixed in fibres

Question 17

Spinal nerves leave the __________ column through the ___________ __________ located between two successive, adjacent vertebrae

Answer 17

vertebral
intervertebral foramina

Question 18

What are the two branches of the peripheral nerves once they leave the spinal cord?

Answer 18

the Dorsal ramus (rami)
the ventral ramus (rami)

Question 19

What information does does the dorsal ramus carry?

Answer 19

the information that supplies the muscles and sensation to the back

Question 20

what information does the ventral ramus carry?

Answer 20

the information that supplies the skin and muscles of the limbs and anterior trunk

Question 21

the ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called what?

Answer 21

​
plexuses

Question 22

what is a plexus?

Answer 22

a network of neutrons from several segments of the spinal cord that combine to form nerves to specific parts of the body

Question 23

what is the benefit of a plexus?

Answer 23

regions receive a nerve supply from more than one spinal nerve, so damage to one nerve does not cause loss of function of that region

Question 24

what are the 4 major plexuses?

Answer 24

cervical
brachial
lumbar
sarcal

Question 25

where is the cervical plexus?

Answer 25

the neck

Question 26

what does the cervical plexus supply?

Answer 26

the skin muscles of the head, neck and upper region of shoulders

Question 27

where is the brachial plexus located?

Answer 27

at the top of the shoulder

Question 28

what does the brachial plexus supply?

Answer 28

the skin muscles of the arm, shoulder and upper chest

Question 29

Where is the lumbar plexus located?

Answer 29

between the waist and hip

Question 30

What does the lumbar plexus supply?

Answer 30

the front and sides of the abdominal wall and some of the thigh

Question 31

where is the sacral plexus located?

Answer 31

at the base of the abdomen

Question 32

What does the sacral plexus supply?

Answer 32

the skin the muscles and organs of the pelvis

Question 33

the autonomic nervous system controls the ____________ body activities of _________ and ________ muscle and the activities of the _______.

Answer 33

automatic smooth cardiac glands

Question 34

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 34

sympathetic parasympathetic

Question 35

What kind of neurones make up the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 35

visceral motor neurones

Question 36

in what kind of situations is the sympathetic nervous system dominant?

Answer 36

stress situations

Question 37

What does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

Answer 37

expending energy and dealing with emergency situations

Question 38

Where do the neurones (cell bodies) of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Answer 38

in the thoracic segments and some lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 39

what does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system do to our eyes?

Answer 39

causes the pupils to dilate allowing more light to enter

Question 40

what does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system do to our heart?

Answer 40

pumps faster so we can take in more oxygen

Question 41

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to our blood vessels in the body?

Answer 41

Shunts blood to more vital organs such as the heart, muscles and brain​

Question 42

What does the sympathetic nervous activation do to the lungs?

Answer 42

bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary secretions occur to allow more airflow through the lungs.

Question 43

What does the parasympathetic nervous system balance?

Answer 43

the action of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 44

The parasympathetic nervous system works to conserve _______ and create the conditions needed for ______ and _______. it ______ down the body processes.

Answer 44

energy rest sleep slows

Question 45

Where do the neurones originate in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 45

in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord

Question 46

What are the 6 parasympathetic responses?

Answer 46

1. decrease heart rate 2. decrease respiratory rate/constricts bronchioles 3. constricts skeletal blood vessels 4. increases gastointestinal activity 5. contracts bladder 6. constricts pupils

Question 47

The sympathetic stimulation of the autonomic nervous system is increased by the release of which hormone?

Answer 47

adrenaline

Question 48

where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 48

the medulla of the adrenal glands on the kidney

Question 49

The adrenal medullar is classes as part of which nervous system?

Answer 49

the autonomic nervous system