Permissions and Ownership

Question 1

What does read permissions for a directory mean?

Answer 1

List directory content

Question 2

What does write permissions for a directory mean?

Answer 2

Create, rename, delete

Question 3

What does execute permissions for a directory mean?

Answer 3

Access directory, execute file, perform task

Question 4

What is the command to modify the permissions of a file or directory?

Answer 4

sudo chmod [options] [mode] [file/directory]

Question 5

What does the -c flag for chmod do?

Answer 5

Report changes

Question 6

What does the -f flag for chmod do?

Answer 6

Hide error messages

Question 7

What does the -v flag for chmod do?

Answer 7

Outputs a diagnostic for every file processed.

Question 8

What does the -R flag for chmod do?

Answer 8

Recursively modify permissions

Question 9

What is the command to view a users default permissions for newly created files and directories?

Answer 9

umask

Question 10

What is the command to display a users default permissions for newly created files and directories in symbolic value?

Answer 10

umask -S

Question 11

What is the command to display a users default permissions for newly created files and directories in number form value?

Answer 11

umask -p

Question 12

What is the command to change the owner of a file or directory?

Answer 12

chown [user] [file/directory]

Question 13

What is the command to change the user and group owner of a file or diretory?

Answer 13

chown [user]:[group] [file/directory]

Question 14

What is the flag to recursively change the permissions of a directory?

Answer 14

-R

Question 15

What is the command to change the group ownership of a file or directory?

Answer 15

chgroup [name] [file/directory]

Question 16

What is Set User ID (SUID)?

Answer 16

User is allowed to have similar permissions as the owner of the file

Question 17

What is Set User Group (SGID)?

Answer 17

User is allowed to have similar permissions as the group owner of the files and directories

Question 18

What is the command to set a users SUID in Symbolic mode?

Answer 18

chmod u+s [file names]

Question 19

What is the command to set a groups SUID in Absolute mode?

Answer 19

chmod 4### [file names]

Question 20

What is the command to set a groups SGID in Symbolic mode?

Answer 20

chmod g+s [directory names]

Question 21

What is the command to set a groups SGID in Absolute mode?

Answer 21

chmod 2### [directory names]

Question 22

How do you remove a SUID or SGID?

Answer 22

Use the - operator in symbolic mode
Set to 0 in asbolute mode

Question 23

What is the command to add a sticky bit in symbolic mode?

Answer 23

chmod +t [file/directory name]

Question 24

What is the command to add a sticky bit in absolute mode?

Answer 24

chmod 1#### [file/directory name]

Question 25

What is the command to add list the attributes of a file or directory?

Answer 25

listattr [options] [file/directory name]

Question 26

What does the command listattr -R ?

Answer 26

Recursively list attributes of directories and contents

Question 27

What does the command listattr -a do?

Answer 27

List all files

Question 28

What does listattr -d do?

Answer 28

List directories

Question 29

What does listattr -v do?

Answer 29

List files version number

Question 30

What is the command to change the attributes of a file or directory?

Answer 30

chattr

Question 30

What does chattr -R do?

Answer 30

Recursively change attributes of directories and content

Question 31

What does chattr -v do?

Answer 31

Set files version number

Question 32

What does chattr +l do?

Answer 32

Mark file as read-only and immutable

Question 33

What does chattr -l do?

Answer 33

Remove read-only

Question 34

What is the command to retrieve the ACL of files and directories?

Answer 34

getfacl

Question 35

What is the command to change the permissions associated with the ACL of a file or directory?

Answer 35

setfacl

Question 36

What does setfacl -r do?

Answer 36

Recursively set ACL permissions

Question 37

What does setfacl -s do?

Answer 37

Set ACL

Question 38

What does setfacl -m do?

Answer 38

Modify existing ACL

Question 39

What does setfacl -x do?

Answer 39

Remove entries from existing ACL

Question 40

What does setfacl -b do?

Answer 40

Remove all entries except standard permissions

Question 41

What command can you use to verify permissions and verify the user and group ownership of a file or directory?

Answer 41

ls -al

Question 42

What command can you use to verify a users groups?

Answer 42

groups [username]

Question 43

What is the command to add a new group to a user?

Answer 43

sudo usermod -a -G [group] [user]

Question 44

What is the command to change users primary group?

Answer 44

sudo usermod -g [group] [user]