Perodic Table Flashcards
(27 cards)
The alkali metals :
- lithium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Rubidium
- Caesium
- Francium
Why are they called alkali metals ?
They react very quickly with oxygen in the air,
To prevent that they are stored in oil.
Most reactive alkali metals :
- Lithuim (Li)
- sodium (Na)
- potassium (k)
The reactivity series :
- potassium
- Sodium
- Lithuim
- Calcuim
- Magnesium
- Alminuim
- Zinc
- Iron
- Tin
- Lead
- Copper
- Mercury
- Silver
- Gold
- Platinum
Discover the physical properties of alkali metals :
- soft to cut with a knife. .
- Shiny - (reacts quickly)
Describe the reaction when Lithuim reacts with water.
- Lithium floats on the water.
- It starts to move around quickly on the surface.
- You see bubbles of hydrogen gas forming
- forms fizzing
- It may give off a little bit of heat, but not enough to catch fire like other alkali metals (like sodium).
- A colourless solution of lithium hydroxide is formed.
Word equation:
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Describe the reaction of potassium when it reacts with water.
- lilac flame
- popping sound
- flame forms
Decibe the reaction when Lithuim reacts with water :
• Lithium floats on the water.
- It starts to move around quickly on the surface.
- You see bubbles of hydrogen gas
- forms fizzing
- It may give off a little bit of heat, but not enough to catch fire like other alkali metals (like sodium).
- A colourless solution of lithium hydroxide is formed.
What is the word equation for Lithuim reacting with water ? :
Word equation:
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Which side is products and reactants ? :
E.g
Word equation:
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Reactants. Products
Describe the reaction when potassium reacts with water :
- Potassium floats on the water.
- It moves around very quickly on the surface.
- It gives off lots of fizzing and bubbles
- hydrogen gas is formed
- It gets so hot that the hydrogen gas catches fire — you often see a lilac flame.
- A colourless solution of potassium hydroxide is formed.
What is the word equation when pottasuim reacts with water ? :
Word equation:
Potassium + Water → Potassium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Describe the reaction of sodium when it reacts with water :
- Sodium floats on the water.
- It fizzes and moves quickly,making hydrogen gas.
- It melts into a small silver ball because the heat is strong.
- Sometimes, a small flame appears, but not always.
- A colourless solution of sodium hydroxide is made.
The word equation for sodium when it reacts with water :
Word equation:
Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
What is the word equation when Lithuim reacts with water ? :
Word equation:
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
What is an atom ? :
Tiny particles which make up everything.
Element :
Made of one type of atom
Compound :
2 or more elements chemically combined.
The halogens : ( group 7)
- Fluorine (F) – pale yellow gas
- Chlorine (Cl) – green gas
- Bromine (Br) – brown liquid
- Iodine (I) – dark grey solid (gives off purple gas when heated)
- Astatine (At) – rare and radioactive
The Noble gases (group 0):
- Helium
- Neon
- Aragon
- Krypton
- Xenon
- Radon
Properties of Noble gases :
- colourless gas
- They don’t combine with other elements ( Mono- atomic )
- The reason for this is that they are very stable.
- Unreactive
- They don’t form compounds because they have full outer shells of electrons.
- They are gases which are at room temperature.
- Non- flammable
Propties of halogens :
- very reactive especially with metals.
- reactivity decreases as you go down the group.
- Toxic
How is Chlorine used in real life ? :
Chlorine (Cl):
• Used to clean water in swimming pools and tap water. • Used in bleach and cleaning products. • Helps make plastics like PVC.
How is Flourine used in real life ? :
Fluorine (F):
• Added to toothpaste to protect teeth from decay. • Used in non-stick pans (like Teflon).