personality

Question 1

temparment

Answer 1

physiological dispositions in response to the environment

Question 2

mental illness

Answer 2

unexpressed sexual and aggressive urges in the unconscious

Question 3

personality resuls from:

Answer 3

early childhood experiences, unconscius motives and conflicts, coping strategies

Question 4

what are the structure of personality

Answer 4

behaviour, ID, Ego, superego

Question 5

behaviour

Answer 5

interactions among three compenents of the brain

Question 6

ID

Answer 6

primitive intrsinctive ccompenent
- pleasure principle: immediate gratification of biological urges
- primary process thinking: irrational and fantasy oriented

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

deciosoion component
- reality principle: delay gratification until appropriate outlet and situation located
- secondary process thinking: rational and realistic; considers norms and rules in society

Question 8

what do both ID and ego want to maximize

Answer 8

gratification; ego wants to avoid negative consequences

Question 9

levels of awareness

Answer 9

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

Question 9

superego

Answer 9

morallity component (3 to 5 years)- internalization of norms and rules

Question 10

concious

Answer 10

content we are aware of
- current train of thought
- content of working memory

Question 11

preconsciuos:

Answer 11

content beneath awareness, easy to access
- current physiological state
- long term memory storage

Question 12

unconscious

Answer 12

content well beneath awareness, difficult to access
- dangerous thoughts, memories, desires

Question 13

evidence for the unconscoius

Answer 13

freudian slips: reveal a person’s true feelings
dreams express hiden desires
psychanalysis revealed previously unknown conflicts

Question 14

anxiety

Answer 14

conflicts building up in the unconscious begin to appear in the preconscious/conscious

Question 15

psychosexual development

Answer 15

developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that influences adult personality
- sexual urges (physcial presure) shift as children progress through early life

Question 16

fixation:

Answer 16

failure to progress to later stages
- excessive gratification of sexual urges
- excessive frustration of sexual urges
- affect adult personality (determined by age 5)

Question 17

oral stage

Answer 17

0-1 years
- fixation can lead to obsessive eating or smoking as adults

Question 18

Anal stage

Answer 18

2-3 years
- punitive training can lead to hostility toward the trainer and be generalized to others later
- tendency towards neatness, organization and detail

Question 19

phalic sage

Answer 19

(4-5 years)

• oedipal complex: erotic desires for opposite - sex parent and hostality towards same-sex parent
• resolution of oedipal complex: purge desire for opposite-sex parent and identity with same-sex parent (formation of superego)
• failure to resolve complex leads to personality disturbances

Question 20

analytical psychology (carl jung) felt frued and

Answer 20

felt frued was too dramatic

unconscioius composed of two layers

Question 21

Alfred alder 0 fruoed

individual psychology

Answer 21

felt frued oo obsessed with sexual urges

individual psychology: people strive for superiority

Question 22

acoording to Jung whaat determines personality

Answer 22

unconsiuos

Question 23

personal unconscious and collective unconscioues

Answer 23

personal: thoughts, memory, and desires tha have been repressed or forgotten

collective unconsciouis: store house of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past

Question 24

who was first to descrive extroverted and introverted

Answer 24

jung

Question 25

inferiorotrity complex and overcompensation

Answer 25

1. exaggerated feelings of inferiority resulting from parental pampering or neglect 2. attempts to hide feeling of inferiority from self and others

Question 26

who was first to suggest birth order affected personality

Answer 26

Alder's individual psychology

Question 27

criticism of evaluating psychodynamic perspectives

Answer 27

- poor testabilty: too vague and subjective to test empirically - inadequate evidence: based primarily on case studies - retrospective accounts require memory, which is fallible sexist: tent to be maale-oriented

Question 28

important contributions of evaluating psychodynamic perspectives

Answer 28

- unconscious influences of personality - internal conflicts contribute to psychological distress - childhoof experiences contribute to adult personality - defence mechanism

Question 29

self-concept

Answer 29

collection of beliefs about oneself

Question 30

incogruence

Answer 30

the degree of disparity between the self-concept and actual experience

Question 31

anxiety roger's person-centred thoery

Answer 31

anxiety results when experience conflicts with self-concept: ignore,deny, twist reality

Question 32

accordint to behaviorist perspective personilaty development

Answer 32

is continous

Question 32

maslow's theorry of self-actualization

Answer 32

focused on describing healthy personality self-actualization - need to fulfill one's potential; feel frustrated when thwarted

Question 33

operant conditioning

Answer 33

pesonality is collection of response tendencies tied to stimulus situations,

Question 34

types vs dimensions

Answer 34

types - persnalities as categories (everyone in the catogory the same) Dimensions - having more or less of an atribute (scale)

Question 35

children compete for wha in the family

Answer 35

compete fo niches in the family