personality

Question 1

what is the definition of personality

Answer 1

a persons unique pattern of traits they are stable and enduring
it is predictable and we often show the same behaviour

Question 2

why is personality good for sports

Answer 2

good for coaches as all performers are different so important to understand how to motivate them
linked with choice of sport and success

Question 3

what is nature

Answer 3

born that way

Question 4

what is nurture

Answer 4

developed through life experiences and observing others

Question 5

what is the personality equation

Answer 5

B=f(P)

Question 6

what is eysencks trait theory

Answer 6

uses two dimensions (extroversion and introversion + stable and neurotic)
suggest that everywhere is somewhere on the lines
these are measured by the eysenck personality inventory

Question 7

what does stable mean and characteritics

Answer 7

ANS responds slowly to situations
even tempered and easy gping

Question 8

what does neurotic mean and characteristics

Answer 8

ANS responds rapidly and strongly to stressful situations
restless anxious and excitable

Question 9

what does ANS stand of

Answer 9

automatic nervous system

Question 10

what does RAS stand for

Answer 10

reticular activating system

Question 11

what does extrovert mean and characteristics

Answer 11

RAS reduces incoming stimulus leading to under arousal, they need optimal stimulation to to maintain optimum levels of brain activity
social, out going

Question 12

what does introvert mean and characteristics

Answer 12

RAS increases incoming stimulus leading to over arousal, dont need external stimulation
quiet reserved

Question 13

what is cattells trait theory

Answer 13

used a self report study which assess overall personality (16 different types)
suggests that personality could change with the situation

Question 14

what is type A and B personality theory also known as

Answer 14

the narrow band approach

Question 15

what is type a

Answer 15

highly competitive
desire to succeed
need to be in control
prone to stress

Question 16

what is type b

Answer 16

non competitive
lacks desire to succeed
doesnt enjoy control
less prone to stress

Question 17

what is sheldons theory

Answer 17

personality is categorised into three personalities based on physical make up and the relationship between build and behaviour

Question 18

what are the three categories in sheldons theory

Answer 18

endomorph
ectomorph
mesomorph

Question 19

what is an endomorphs build and personality

Answer 19

build- round and tend to have wide hips and narrow shoulders with alot of body fat
personality- sociable, fun, tolerant, even tempered, relaxed

Question 20

what is an ectomorphs build and personality

Answer 20

build- narrow shoulders and hips with a narrow chest and abs with very litttle body fat
personality- self conscious, intoverted, inhibited socially anxious thoughtful

Question 21

what is a mesomorph build and personality

Answer 21

build- broad shoulders and narrow waist, muscular and little body fat
personality- adventurous courageous assertive competitive extroverted

Question 22

what are some limitations with Sheldon’s approach

Answer 22

generalises the personalities
no environment or social influences
sport choice may be influenced by personality
may lose weight

Question 23

what does the interactionist approach suggest

Answer 23

personality is a result of inherent traits and learned behaviour

Question 24

what 2 approaches are combined to get interactionist

Answer 24

trait and social learning theory

Question 25

what is the lewin approach

Answer 25

traits are born and adapted and used according to the situation. accounts for behaviour chnage and suggest behaviour is adapted to suit situation eg. good situation= good behaviour

Question 26

what is the formula for behaviour

Answer 26

B=f(PE) behaviour= function(personality x environment)

Question 27

what happens when situational factors are weak (training)

Answer 27

personality traits are more likely to affect behaviour

Question 28

what happens when situational factors are strong (game)

Answer 28

the situational factors are more likely to affect behaviour than personality traits

Question 29

what is the hollanders model (HM)

Answer 29

personality is a layered structure

Question 30

what is the middle layer (HM)

Answer 30

inner psychological core- fairly pernament, values, what you believe and think

Question 31

what is the 2nd layer (HM)

Answer 31

typical responses- typical responses to situations, generally represents the type of inner core

Question 32

what is the outer layer (HM)

Answer 32

role- related behaviours- changeable, dependent on situation, could be different to core

Question 33

how can knowledge of the interactionist approach help coaches

Answer 33

- predicts potential unnacceptable or aggressive behaviour (substutions to prevent sending off) - identify situations that cause inappropriate actions or decrease in performance and create similar situations in training (nervous player who doesnt like crowds) - change player behaviour by enouraging players to adapt (anxious about a penalty the coach get help them practice)

Question 34

`evaluation of interactionist approach

Answer 34

- core values could be hard to get rid of - reinforcement could allow same behaviour to continue - personality is stable but competition may be unstable - specific competiton situations could cause different behaviour - varying forms of personality for a team member others may need to understanf that

Question 35

what are 3 methods of testing personality

Answer 35

questionaires observation interview

Question 36

what is the validity of questionaires

Answer 36

does the personality test measure the performers whole personality

Question 37

what is the reliability of questionaires

Answer 37

if the test was repeated would the results be the same

Question 38

advantages of questionaires

Answer 38

- research lots of people at one time - cheap - numerical - reliable

Question 39

disadvantages of questionaires

Answer 39

- weak validity - demand characteristics -difficults to self assess - ambigous questions

Question 40

what is observation

Answer 40

subjects watched and behaviour recorded (when behaviuor is consistent and what situations affect what they do)

Question 41

advantages of observation

Answer 41

personality tested in the actual setting

Question 42

disadvantages of observation

Answer 42

reducing validity and reliability - subjects know they are being watched - researchers may observe behaviour differently

Question 43

what is an interview

Answer 43

involves 1-2-1 discussion with performer

Question 44

advantages of interview

Answer 44

gain in depth understanding of the person

Question 45

disadvantages of interview

Answer 45

reducing validity and reliability take time responses can change to mood interviewing can make person feel nervous whihc will affect repsonse to question only 1 can be interviewed at a time

Question 46

what does iceburg profile suggest

Answer 46

success in sport may enhance positive mental help

Question 47

what does the profile of mood states test

Answer 47

tension depression anger vigour fatigue and confusion (athletes above norm for vigour and below for the rest)

Question 48

acronym for profile of mood

Answer 48

ten defenders aston villa football club

Question 49

what is credulous approach

Answer 49

when the link between personality and behaviour is accepted

Question 50

what is sceptical approach

Answer 50

when the link between personality and behaviour is doubted