presence of others Flashcards
what is social facilitation
individual’s performance improves when they are observed or believe they are being observed
increased motivation and encouragement so execution of skills enhanced
what factors change whether social facilitation has a positive or negative impact
ability
task
personality
what is zajoncs model
there are 4 types of audience two passive and two interactive
what are the 4 types of audience
audience
co actors
competitors or compettitve co actors
social reinforcement or supporters
what audiences are passive
audience
co actors
what audiences are interactive
competitors
social reinforcers/ supporters
what is an audience
passive spectators who observe and make no comments but cause pressure
what are co actors
people doing the same thing at the same time without competition
what are social reinforcers
people who have influence
what does zajonc say a passive audience cause
increased arousal increased drive
causes dominant response
if a complex task or beginner is social inhibition
if a expert or simple task is social facilitation
if extrovert is social facilitation
if introvert is social inhibition
what is social inhibition
the negative impact of the presence of others on a performers performance
increased arousal and anxiety so poor skill execution
what are the 2 theorys social facilitation links with
drive theory
inverted u theory
how does the drive theory relate to presence of others
arousal goes up
leads to likeyhood of the dominant response occuring
cognitive shows incorrect dominant response so perfromance decreases - social inhibition
autonomous show correct dominance response so performance increases- social facilitation
what is the evaluation apprehension theory
not just the presence of others that creates aousal but the way that athletes percieve they are being evaluated
rise in arousal levels is said to be the result of evaluation apprehension
what is a retro example of evaluation apprehension
steve backley
javelin thrower
competition in india- a country not known for their track and feild knowledge
65m throw- crowd go wild
85m slide- crowd are silent
audience have no effect on him because they arent knowledgeable
how does a confident/ autonomous performer cope with evaluation apprehension
has high levels of self efficency and they tend to perform well when being evaluated
how does a cognitive performer cope with evaluation apprehension
low levels of self efficency tend to perform poorly as they are affected
what is barons distraction conflict theory
the presence of others demands our attention as well as completing a task
this conflict increases arousal and leads to either an impairement or improvemnt in perromance
(see diagram)
how can performers prevent over arousal through barons distraction conflict theory
performers must direct attention to the task at hand and cut out awerness of others
what does the self presentation theory suggest
behave based on how others evaluate you and their knowledge of behaviour
there are 2 types
what does pleasing the audience suggest in the self presentation theory
by matching how you presnt yourslef to the audience expectations and prefrences
what does self construction suggest in the self presentation theory
by matching your self presentation to your own ideal self
what are the advantages of home field advatange
crowd are attentive and supportive
bigger crowd
crowd close to playing area
crowd hostile to vistiting team
away team have travelled
crowd influencing officials
what are the disadvantages of home feild advangtage
home crowd are large expectant and evalutative which can increase anxiety
homw crowd increasing pressure on homw team
