Personality Flashcards
(26 cards)
Define personality
Personality is the unique and consistent group of attributes that determine the way we think feel and Behave when alone and with others
Define the personality theory
An approach to describing and explaining the origins and development of personality, focusing on the similarities and differences between individuals
What is Sigmund Freuds theory ?
PERSOANLITY is the result of internal conflicts of the mind, and how effectively individuals resolve these conflicts
What are the three levels of conscious ?
Conscious - readily available
Pre conscious - not there all the time but easy to access
Unconscious- in accessible information due to it could cause to ,uch anxiety
What is Freuds belief of the structure of personality ?
ID - the pleasure principle
EGO - the reality principle
SUPER EGO - the moral principle
What happens if the structures cannot come to a conclusion ?
Defence mechanisms kick in
Examples of defence mechanisms
Projection - putting unwanted thoughts onto someone else
Denial - refusing to belief whatever has happened
Fantasy - fulfilling unconscious wishes or impulses by imagining them in activities
According to frued at what age have we fully formed our personality ?
5-6 years
What are the psychosexual stage and the ages for each
Oral 0-2
Anal 2-3
Phallic 4-5
Latency 6- puberty
Genital puberty - early adulthood
What are the fixations for the oral stage ?
Behaviours - Smoking , Alcoholic , Nail biting , Chewing on pens or gum and Overeating
Characteristics - gullibility, passivity, needs attention, depends on others and need to be looked after
Fixations for anal stage
Anal retentive - clean, orderly, organised, hoard things, stubborn and stingy
Anal-expulsive - untidy, destructive, disorderly and cruel
Fixations for phallic stage
Affecting later relationships
Criticisms of psychoanalytical theories
Doesn’t develop in age stages
Continues throughout life
Focused too much on the role of sexuality
Based on limited sample
Questioned accuracy on the latency stage
Strengths of psychoanalytical theory
Adult personality is influenced by early life experiences
Feeding, toilet training and early sexual feelings are significant
What is type theory ?
Type theory describes different personality terms of a group of characteristics that individuals have in common with others. Links certain personality traits with medical problems
Criticisms of type theory
Conflicting evidence e Ignored individual differences Provides limited fate fires People fit into more then more Doesn't address how personality develops
What is the humanistic theory underlying premises
All people are born good
All individuals strive to reach their full potential
What is self actualisation
Self,actualisation is to reach full potential
It depends on three things
1. Acceptance and rejection of others
2. How they view themselves ( self concept )
3. Whether they can deal with negative things
What is the role of others in the humanistic theory ?
Others can assist us through being genuine, accepting and empathetic
What is a Q-sort test?
A test for congruence
Strengths of humanistic theory ?
A positive approach to understanding personality
Give a complete picture of how healthy personality develops
Limitations of humanistic theory
Offers a romantic and simplistic ideas about personality few of which can be measured scientifically
They encourage self fulfilment can encourage a self centred kid
Unrealistic view of the world people don’t recognise evil
Definition of a personality trait
A lasting personality characteristic that determines an individual behaviour
What is PEN?
P - psychoticism-impulsive control
E - extroversion-introversion
N - neuroticism
