Personality and Abnormal

Question 1

William Sheldon

Answer 1

Categorized people by body type somatotype

(1) endomorphy: soft, spherical
(2) mesomorphy: hard, muscular
(3) ectomorphy: thin, fragile

Question 2

Edward Titchener’s method of introspection

Answer 2

Structuralism

Question 3

Freud

Answer 3

First theory of personality and abnormal psychology

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

Reality principle

Inhibits activity of pleasure principle id

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

Strives for the ideal
Conscience: what is punished is added to conscience
Ego ideal: what is rewarded is added to ego ideal

Question 6

Eros and Thanatos

Answer 6

Life and Death instincts

Question 7

Libido

Answer 7

Form of energy by which the life instinct perform their work

Question 8

characteristics of defense mechanisms

Answer 8

(1) deny or distort reality

(2) operate unconsciously

Question 9

8 defense mechanisms

Answer 9

repression- unconscious forgetting
suppression- conscious forgetting
projection- project bad urges onto others
reaction formation- repressed wish is warded off by an opposite wish/action
rationalization-develop socially acceptable reason for bad thoughts/behavior
regression- revert to earlier stage
sublimation- transform bad thoughts into good ones
displacement- take out your anger on someone who is not causing the distress

Question 10

Carl Jung

Answer 10

Collective unconscious

• persona: adopted in response to the demands of social convention
• anima (fem) animus (mas): helps us understand gender, feminine behaviors and men
• shadow: animal instincts that humans inherited
• self: strive for unity
• extroversion and introversion

Question 11

archetype

Answer 11

a thought or image that has an emotional element

Jung

Question 12

Alfred Adler

Answer 12

• Inferiority complex
• fictional finalism: one is motivated more by his expectations of future and by past experiences
• Creative self: how person is unique
• Style of life: unique way of achieving superiority
• Striving towards superiority drives personality

Question 13

Karen Horney

Answer 13

neurotic personality is based on ten needs

• need for affection and approval, need to exploit others, need for self-sufficiency and independence
• they are disproportionate in intensity, indiscriminate in application, disregard reality, provoke intense anxiety

Question 14

Anna Freud

Answer 14

Founder of ego psychology

Question 15

Erik Erickson

Answer 15

Ego psychology

Psychoanalysis and psychosocial

Question 16

Objectification’s theory

Answer 16

Object refers to the symbolic representation of a significant part of the child’s personality
-Klein, Winnicott, Mahler, Kernberg

Question 17

Psychoanalysis techniques

Answer 17

• hypnosis
• free association
• dream interpretation
• resistance: inability to relate to certain thoughts
• transference
• countertransference

Question 18

neo-freudian approaches

Answer 18

Focus on current interpersonal relationships rather than childhood experience and psychosocial development

Question 19

Behaviorist theory of personality

Answer 19

behavior is learned through experience within environment

John Dollard, Neil Miller

Question 20

Social learning theory

Answer 20

Bandura
Modeling observed behavior
vicarious reinforcement

Question 21

Learned Helplessness

Answer 21

Martin Seligman

Question 22

Symptom substitution

Answer 22

Unless you treat the source, new sentence will develop to replace the old one (psychoanalysis)

Question 23

Kurt Lewin’s field theory

Answer 23

Influenced by Gestalt psychology

Personality as dynamic and constantly changing

Question 24

George Kelly

Answer 24

Suggested the individual as a scientist

-The person who devices and test predictions about the behavior of significant people in his life

Question 25

Victor Frankl

Answer 25

mental illness stems from a life of meaninglessness

Question 26

Type theorist

Answer 26

Characterize people according to specific types of personality

Question 27

Traits theorists

Answer 27

Understand fundamental dimensions of personality

Question 28

Type A personality

Answer 28

Competitive compulsive

Question 29

Type B personality

Answer 29

Laid back and relaxed

Question 30

Raymond Cattell

Answer 30

Trait theorist - factor analysis to measure personality - 16 Basic traits

Question 31

Eysenck

Answer 31

Broad types that are followed by specific traits - tested extroversion and introversion - introversion extroversion - stability neuroticism - psychoticism

Question 32

Gordon Allport

Answer 32

trait theorist Cardinal trait: organized life around these Central trait: characteristics that are easy to infer like honesty Secondary traits: personal characteristics that are limited in occurrence -functional autonomy: behavior that may become an end goal in itself (goal of hunting is to eat. May continue to hunt after there is enough food)

Question 33

Idiographic approach to personality

Answer 33

Focus on individual case studies

Question 34

Nomothetic approach to personality

Answer 34

Focus on groups of individuals to find commonalities

Question 35

David McClelland

Answer 35

Need for achievement - avoid risk - set realistic goals

Question 36

Herman Witkin

Answer 36

field-dependence

Question 37

Julian Rotter

Answer 37

Internal and external locus of control

Question 38

Machiavellian

Answer 38

manipulative and deceitful

Question 39

Sandra Bem

Answer 39

masculinity and femininity are two different dimensions

Question 40

DSM Axis I

Answer 40

clinical disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation

Question 41

DSM Axis II

Answer 41

personality disorders and mental retardation

Question 42

DSM Axis III

Answer 42

Medical conditions

Question 43

DSM Axis IV

Answer 43

Environmental stressor

Question 44

DSM Axis V

Answer 44

Global assessment of functioning

Question 45

prodromal phase

Answer 45

Deterioration, social withdrawal, odd behavior, inappropriate affect, before symptomatic behavior

Question 46

process schizophrenia

Answer 46

Slow development

Question 47

reactive schizophrenia

Answer 47

Intense and sudden | Better prognosis

Question 48

Five subtypes of schizophrenia

Answer 48

- catatonic - paranoid - disorganized (inappropriate behavior/speech) - undifferentiated - residual (there was an episode but now no symptoms present)

Question 49

Double bind hypothesis of schizophrenia

Answer 49

due to contradictory messages from primary caregiver cause anxiety

Question 50

Major depressive disorder

Answer 50

Two week period of persistent depressed mood | mood disorder

Question 51

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 51

Manic episodes

Question 52

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 52

Hypomania: does not compare functioning

Question 53

Dysthymic and cyclothymic disorders

Answer 53

Similar but less severe than bipolar or major depressive disorder

Question 54

Depersonalization disorder

Answer 54

Person feel detached, like an outside observer of his mental processes or behavior -maintains sense of reality

Question 55

Types of personality disorders

Answer 55

- schizoid - narcissistic - borderline - antisocial

Question 56

Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 56

- Detached from social relationships | - restricted range of emotion

Question 57

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 57

-instability and interpersonal behavior, mood, self-image

Question 58

David Rosenham

Answer 58

people judge normal behaviors to be abnormal if they know that the person has a mental illness

Question 59

Thomas Szasz

Answer 59

people are not mentally ill, they just deviate from the "norm"