Personality Disorders Flashcards
Cluster A Personality Disorders
1) Schizoid
2) Schizotypal
2) Paranoid
Odd, Eccentric
Cluster B Personality Disorders
1) Antisocial
2) Borderline
3) Histrionic
4) Narcissistic
Erratic, Emotional, Dramatic
Cluster C Personality Disorder
1) Avoidant
2) Dependent
3) Obsessive-Compulsive
Anxious/Fearful
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Cluster A
A) A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 OR MORE of the following:
- Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
- Almost always chooses solitary activities.
- Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person.
- Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.
- Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
- Appears indifferent to praise or criticism of others.
- Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity.
B) Doesn’t occur with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and is not attributable to physiological effects of another medical condition.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster A
A) A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 OR MORE of the following:
- Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).
- Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”; in children and adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations).
- Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.
- Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped).
- Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
- Inappropriate or constricted affect.
- Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar.
- Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
- Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgements about the self.
B) Doesn’t occur exclusively during schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Cluster A
A) A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 OR MORE of the following:
- Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them.
- Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.
- Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them.
- Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.
- Persistently bears grudges (i.e, is unforgiving of insults, injuries or slights).
- Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack.
- Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
B) Does not occur exclusively with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depressive disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder, and is not attributable to other physiological effects of a medication.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Cluster B
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years as indicated by 3 OR MORE of the following:
1) Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
2) Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure
3) Impulsivité or failure to plan ahead
4) Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
5) Reckless disregard for safety of self and others.
6) Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
7) Lack of remorse, as indicate by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
B) At least 18
C) Onset before 15
D) Not during course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Cluster B
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 OR MORE following:
- Frantic efforts to avoid real/imagined abandonment
- Intense interpersonal relationships (idealization/devaluation)
- Identity disturbance
- Impulsivity in at least 2 potentially self-damaging areas
- Recurrent SI, SH, self-mutilation behavior
- Mood instability
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Intense Anger
- Transient paranoid ideation & dissociative symptoms
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Cluster B
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 OR MORE of the following:
- Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not center of attention
- Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior.
- Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expressions of emotions.
- Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self.
- Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail.
- Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion.
- Is suggestible (i.e. easily influenced by others or circumstances)
- Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster B
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 OR MORE of the following:
- Grandiose sense of self
- Preoccupied by fantasy of power & success
- Clients believe they are special—can only be understood by high status people
- Requires excessive admiration
- Sense of entitlement
- Interpersonally exploitative
- Lacks empathy
- Often envious
- Arrogant & haughty behaviors
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Cluster C
A pervasive patter of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 OR MORE of the following:
- Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.
- Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
- Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
- Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.
- Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because feelings of inadequacy.
- Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.
- Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Cluster C
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 OR MORE of the following:
- Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
- Show perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project b/c overly strict standard are not met).
- Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by economic necessity).
- Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religions identification).
- Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
- Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly their way of doing things.
- Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes.
- Shows rigidity and stubbornness.
General Personality Disorder Criteria
(A) Enduring patterns of inner experience & behavior (NEED 2 of the following):
-Cognition
-Affectivity
-Interpersonal Functioning
-Impulse Control
(B) Enduring pattern is INFLEXIBLE & PERVASIVE
(C) Enduring pattern leads to CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS or impairment in social/occupational/other areas of functioning
(D) Pattern is STABLE & LONG DURATION, and onset can be traced back to at least adolescence or early adulthood
(E) Not better explained by another disorder
(F) Not attributable to physiological effects of substance use or other medical condition
Dependent Personality Disorder
Cluster C
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 OR MORE of the following:
- Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
- Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
- Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. (Don’t include realistic fears of retribution)
- Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of lack of self-confidence in judgement or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy).
- Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things there unpleasant.
- Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself.
- Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.
- Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself.
