Personality disorders & addiction

Question 1

Describe an ankastic personality disorder?

Answer 1

Excessive doubt 
Preoccupation with rules 
Preoccupation with productivity 
Excessive adherence to social conventions 
Rigidity & stubbornness
Insisting things are done their way

Question 2

What are the Cluster A personality disorders?

Answer 2

“odd & eccentric”
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

Question 3

What are the cluster B personality disorders?

Answer 3

"Dramatic & emotional"
Antisocial
Borderline 
Histrionic
Narcissistic

Question 4

What is the drug treatment for borderline PD?

Answer 4

Lamotrigine

Question 5

What are the Cluster C personality disorders?

Answer 5

“Anxious & avoidant”
Avoidant
Obsessive compulsive
Dependent

Question 6

3 A’s for remebering cluster A personality disorders?

Answer 6

Paranoid = "Accusatory"
Schizoid = "Aloof"
Schizotypal = "Awkward"

Question 7

What are the 4 B’s to remember cluster B personality disorders?

Answer 7

Antisocial = "Bad"
Borderline = "Borderline"
Histrionic = "Bullshit"
Narcissistic = "Best"

Question 8

What are the 3 C’s for remembering cluster C personality disorders?

Answer 8

Avoidant = "Coward"
OC = "Compulsive"
Dependent = "Clingy"

Question 9

Which chemical is the motivating signal within the brain and incensitises behaviour?

Answer 9

Dopamine

Question 10

What does the orbito-frontal cortex do?

Answer 10

Provides internal representations of the salience of things & assigns them value

Question 11

What does hyperactivity of the orbito-frontal cortex cause?

Answer 11

Craving

Question 12

What does the pre-frontal cortex do?

Answer 12

Helps intention guide behaviour - sets goals & makes sound decisions
Keeps emotions & impulses in control to achieve long term goals

Question 13

What changes does addiction cause in the brain?

Answer 13

Disrupt normal dopamine-related learning in the PFC

Question 14

When is the PFC vulnerable?

Answer 14

During development asitmatures late

Question 15

What effect does alcohol have n the brain?

Answer 15

Inhibits the action of excitatory NMDA glutamate controlled ion channels
Potentiates the actions of inhibitory GABAa controlled ion channels

Question 16

When do symptoms start for alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 16

6-12 hours

Question 17

When are seizures most likely in alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 17

36 hours

Question 18

When is delirium tremens most likely in alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 18

72 hours

Question 19

What is given as prophylaxis against Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Answer 19

Thiamine

Question 20

What drug is used to prevent relapse in addiction?

Answer 20

Naltrexone

Question 21

How long do alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually take to resolve?

Answer 21

5-7 days

Question 22

What in the brain causes alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 22

Excessive glutamate + reduced GABA activity

Question 23

What drugs are used for detox in opiate misuse?

Answer 23

Alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist (Clofexidine)

Question 24

What is used as an opiate substitution therapy?

Answer 24

Methadone

Question 25

What are the symptoms of opiate withdrawal?

Answer 25

Dilated pupils Yawning Rhinorrhoea Lactorrhoea

Question 26

What is used in paracetamol overdose if less than an hour ago?

Answer 26

Activated charcoal

Question 27

What is used in paracetamol overdose if more than an hour ago?

Answer 27

N-acetylcysteine

Question 28

What is used to treat a opiate overdose?

Answer 28

Naloxone

Question 29

What is used to treat a benzo overdose?

Answer 29

Flumazenil

Question 30

What is used to treat a TCA overdose?

Answer 30

IV bicarbonate

Question 31

What is used to treat a heparinoverdose?

Answer 31

Protamine sulphate

Question 32

What is used to reverse the bradycardia caused by beta blocker overdose?

Answer 32

Atropine

Question 33

Whatis used to treat an antifreeze overdose?

Answer 33

Fomepizole (used to be ethanol)

Question 34

What is the treatment for cyanide overdose?

Answer 34

Hydroxocobalamine

Question 35

What is the treatment for iron overdose?

Answer 35

Desferroxamine