PES final review- semester 2

Question 1

define: analog

Answer 1

uses data points/direct info. (directly replaces waves)

Question 2

define: digital

Answer 2

transmits info in binary code

Question 3

advantages of analog:

Answer 3

directly replaced

Question 4

advantages of digital:

Answer 4

faster, more reliable

Question 5

disadvantages of analog:

Answer 5

not as accurate when interfered, slower and lower quality

Question 6

disadvantages of digital:

Answer 6

easily hacked

Question 7

define: force (F)

Answer 7

a push or a pull

Question 8

define: net force (ohms)

Answer 8

total force

Question 9

define: acceleration (a)

Answer 9

speed up, slow down, or change direction

Question 10

define: speed (v)

Answer 10

rate at which smth moves

Question 11

define: velocity (v)

Answer 11

speed + direction

Question 12

momentum (p)

Answer 12

the force or speed of an object

Question 13

impulse (I)

Answer 13

change in momentum

Question 14

describe the role of momentum in a collision:

Answer 14

momentum doesn’t change from before to after the collision

Question 15

“fixed impulse”

Answer 15

impulse = same before and after collison

Question 16

relationship between F and time in a “fixed impulse” situation:

Answer 16

more mass = less acceleration
(one goes up, one goes down)

Question 17

safety features in a car:

Answer 17

• crumple zone
• seat belt
• air bag
• smth cage

Question 18

define: current (amps, A)

Answer 18

flow of voltage

Question 19

define: resistance (ohms)

Answer 19

opposition to flow of current

Question 20

define: voltage (v, volts)

Answer 20

pushes the current

Question 21

define: charge

Answer 21

electrons and protons

Question 22

a closed circuit…

Answer 22

has current flowing

Question 23

an open circuit…

Answer 23

does not have current flowing

Question 24

a shorted circuit…

Answer 24

has no resistance

Question 25

how do you find the voltage in a circuit?

Answer 25

total voltage/total resistance

Question 26

voltage pushes the...

Answer 26

current

Question 27

what would happen to the brightness if you lower the voltage in a series circuit?

Answer 27

it would dim

Question 28

how many currents do you solve for in a parallel circuit?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

equation for voltage:

Answer 29

V = I * R

Question 30

high resistance = high resistance in...

Answer 30

voltage

Question 31

when an object gains momentum, what changes? (speed or mass)

Answer 31

speed

Question 32

Newton's 1st law =

Answer 32

force causes acceleration

Question 33

small mass =

Answer 33

bigger acceleration

Question 34

define: impulse

Answer 34

a change in momentum

Question 35

why can't you change the impulse in a car crash?

Answer 35

speed will be zero, and at the beginning of the crash its too late to hit the break

Question 36

true or false: the acceleration an object experiences is determined by the net force

Answer 36

true

Question 37

if the arrows in a box diagram are going in the same direction, you...

Answer 37

add

Question 38

if the arrows in a box diagram are going in different directions, you...

Answer 38

subtract

Question 39

weight is defined as:

Answer 39

a force/pull of gravity

Question 40

define: "normal force"

Answer 40

perpendicular to the ground

Question 41

units for... time weight mass distance force velocity acceleration

Answer 41

time: SECONDS weight: Kg mass: Kg distance: METERS force: M/S velocity: V/2 acceleration: M/S^2

Question 42

atomic mass =

Answer 42

average mass number

Question 43

atomic number =

Answer 43

of protons

Question 44

mass number =

Answer 44

sum of protons and neutrons

Question 45

electron =

Answer 45

- outside the nucleus - negative - charge of -1

Question 46

proton =

Answer 46

- inside the nucleus - positive - IS the atomic number - +1 charge

Question 47

neutron

Answer 47

- inside the nucleus - neutral - mass number minus atomic number - no charge

Question 48

ion =

Answer 48

an atom that has a charge of + or -

Question 49

isotope =

Answer 49

a form of a chemical element in which the atoms have the same number of protons (part of the nucleus of an atom) but with a different number of neutrons (part of the nucleus of an atom)

Question 50

electron cloud =

Answer 50

the area around an atom's nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found

Question 51

valence electrons =

Answer 51

the electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom

Question 52

period =

Answer 52

a horizontal row of the periodic table

Question 53

families =

Answer 53

vertical columns

Question 54

ionization =

Answer 54

the energy needed to rip off an electron

Question 55

an atom always contains the same number of...

Answer 55

protons

Question 56

covalent bonding =

Answer 56

two non metals

Question 57

ionic bonding =

Answer 57

1 metal and 1 non metal

Question 58

you draw dot structures for...

Answer 58

covalent bonding

Question 59

you create equations for...

Answer 59

ionic bonding

Question 60

for metallic bonding you need to...

Answer 60

do nothing

Question 61

define: fission

Answer 61

division of a heavy atom into 2 light atoms

Question 62

define: fusion

Answer 62

two light atoms combine to form a larger atom

Question 63

what are the 3 types of nuclear decay?

Answer 63

alpha, beta and gamma decay

Question 64

describe: half life

Answer 64

the amount of time it takes for 1/2 of a radio active substance to decay

Question 65

the more data you have, the more...

Answer 65

accurate your prediction will be

Question 66

decay predictions based on...

Answer 66

probability