pestana: urology

Question 1

which one has fever, pyuria, and a tender cord: testciular torsion or epididymitis?

Answer 1

epididymitis

Question 2

how to treat epididymitis

Answer 2

antibiotics (but do US to r/o torsion)

Question 3

obstruction and infection of urinary tract presentation

Answer 3

patient passes ureteral stone

spontaneous fever spike and flank pain

Question 4

obstruction and infection of urinary tract treatment

Answer 4

emergency- decompression above the obstruction (nephrostomy or stent)

and abx

Question 5

erection lasting over 4 hours treated how

Answer 5

stick needles into erect penis and draw out blood

Question 6

sonogram, CT, cystoscopy: what indications are best for these urological imaging?

Answer 6

sonogram: dilation, obstruction

CT: renal tumors

cystoscopy: detect early bladder cancers

Question 7

what to avoid in prostatitis?

Answer 7

rectal exams

Question 8

acute bacterial prostatitis symptoms

Answer 8

chills, fever, dysria, frequency, low back pain, tender prostates

Question 9

most common reason for a newborn boy not to urinate 1st day of life

Answer 9

posterior urethral valves

Question 10

diagnosis and treatment of posterior urethral valves

Answer 10

diagnostic: voiding cystourethrogram
treat: endoscopic fulguration or resection

Question 11

what should be avoided in hypospadias

Answer 11

circumcision (needed for plastic reconstruction)

Question 12

vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis and treatment

Answer 12

diagnostic: voiding cystourethrogram
treat: antibiotics until grows out of it

Question 13

what to suspect if little girl is wet with urine all the time?

Answer 13

low implantation of ureter

Question 14

what is this: adolescent goes on beer binge (large diuresis to follow) and develops colicky flank pain

Answer 14

uteropelvic junction obstruction

Question 15

most common presentation for cancers of the kidney, ureter, bladder

Answer 15

hematuria

Question 16

work up for hematuria

Answer 16

CT

cystoscopy

Question 17

renal cell carc presentation

Answer 17

hematuria, flank pain, flank mass

hypercalcemia, RBCs high, liver enzymes high

Question 18

treatment of RCC

Answer 18

surgery

Question 19

cancer of bladder (transitional cell)’s biggest risk factor

Answer 19

smoking

Question 20

treatment for bladder cancer

Answer 20

surgery and intravesical BCG

Question 21

acute urinary retention therapy

Answer 21

alpha blockers
foley catheter to remove urine for 3 days

5 alpha reductase inhibitors for large glands

surgery last resort

Question 22

causes of urinary retention

Answer 22

post op: meds, pain

antihistamines, nasal drops

Question 23

a 3 mm kidney stone at uterovesicular jxn handled how?

Answer 23

wait: analgesics, fluids

Question 24

most common intervention for kidney stones

Answer 24

ESWL: extracorpeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Question 25

pneumaturia caused by

Answer 25

fistulization between bladder and GI tract (sigmoid) | - caused by diverticulitis, or cancer

Question 26

hyperacute rejection of organ presentation

Answer 26

vascular thrombosis within minutes of reestablishing blood supply

Question 27

hyperacute rejection of organ cause

Answer 27

preformed antibodies (prevented by ABO matching)

Question 28

acute rejection of organ- time frame

Answer 28

5 days- 3 months

Question 29

chronic rejection time frame

Answer 29

years after transplant: gradual loss of organ function