ph Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are occupational diseases?
Diseases associated with a particular occupation, caused by exposure to physical, chemical, or biological agents.
What is decompression sickness?
Decompression sickness occurs when a diver ascends too quickly, causing nitrogen bubbles to form in tissues and bloodstream.
What is heat stroke?
Heat stroke is a condition caused by the failure of the body’s heat regulation system, leading to high body temperature and potential organ damage.
What are the common occupational lung diseases?
Silicosis and asbestosis, caused by chronic inhalation of silica and asbestos dust.
What is the treatment for heat stroke?
Immediate removal from the hot environment, cooling the body with ice water, and hospitalization.
What is climate change?
Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns, largely due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
What are the effects of global warming on health?
Increased heat waves, vector-borne diseases, waterborne diseases, and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular diseases.
What is a carbon footprint?
The total amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, produced by an individual, organization, or product.
How can global warming be combated?
By saving energy at home, using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and eating more plant-based foods.
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
The SDGs provide a strategy for environmental protection and climate change mitigation, aiming to maintain sustainability and improve living standards.
What is potable water?
Potable water is pure, safe to drink, and free from disease-causing pathogens.
What are the common water-borne diseases?
Cholera, typhoid, and dysentery.
What is the process of water treatment?
Screening, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection.
What is the purpose of a septic tank?
A septic tank is used for the anaerobic degradation of organic matter in wastewater, commonly in areas without municipal sewage systems.
What is Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)?
BOD measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms for the aerobic degradation of organic matter in wastewater.
What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?
Communicable diseases are transmitted from person to person or animal to person (e.g., TB, cholera), while non-communicable diseases are not transmitted (e.g., diabetes, hypertension).
What is the incubation period of a disease?
The time interval between the entry of a microorganism and the appearance of symptoms (e.g., short for food poisoning, long for hepatitis).
What are zoonotic infections?
Diseases transmitted from animals to humans (e.g., brucellosis, anthrax).
What is the difference between infection and infestation?
Infection involves microorganisms causing disease (e.g., bacteria, viruses), while infestation involves parasites living on the host (e.g., lice, scabies).
What are the three levels of prevention in public health?
- Primary prevention: Preventing disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccination). 2. Secondary prevention: Early detection and treatment to prevent progression (e.g., screening). 3. Tertiary prevention: Rehabilitation to minimize disability (e.g., physical therapy after a stroke).
What is an epidemic?
An outbreak of a disease in a community where the number of cases exceeds the expected number (e.g., cholera outbreak).
What is a pandemic?
An epidemic that spreads over a wide geographic area, affecting multiple countries (e.g., COVID-19).
What is an endemic disease?
A disease that is habitually present in a community (e.g., bilharzia in Egypt).
What are the three types of epidemiological studies?
- Descriptive studies: Determine the frequency and distribution of a disease. 2. Analytical studies: Examine the relationship between cause and effect. 3. Experimental studies: Test interventions (e.g., vaccines).
