Untitled Deck Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)?
NCDs are non-transmissible, usually chronic diseases that progress slowly. They are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality globally, accounting for about 71% of deaths.
What percentage of deaths in Egypt are due to NCDs?
About 80% of deaths in Egypt are due to NCDs.
What are the main examples of NCDs?
Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases.
What is the leading cause of death globally?
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, responsible for 32% of annual deaths.
What is hypertension, and why is it called the ‘silent killer’?
Hypertension is high blood pressure, often asymptomatic until complications arise, which is why it is called the ‘silent killer.’
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
CHD is a condition where the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup, leading to reduced blood supply to the heart.
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic stroke (blockage of blood flow to the brain) and hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain).
What are the modifiable risk factors for CVDs?
Smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, and obesity.
What is the FAST acronym used for in stroke recognition?
FAST stands for Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, and Time to call emergency services.
What is the primary treatment for hypertension?
Lifestyle changes (non-pharmacological) and medications (pharmacological) such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics.
What is cancer?
Cancer is characterized by the uncontrollable growth of cells that invade other tissues, leading to potential death if not treated.
What are the main risk factors for cancer?
Smoking, dietary factors (e.g., red and processed meats), infections (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B), aging, and exposure to carcinogens like aflatoxins.
What are the common treatments for cancer?
Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
What is the role of HPV vaccination in cancer prevention?
HPV vaccination helps prevent cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus.
What is the 5-year survival rate in cancer?
The 5-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients who live at least 5 years after diagnosis without recurrence of the tumor.
What is Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?
DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
What are the clinical features of DM?
Polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (intense thirst), weight loss, blurred vision, and weakness.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 DM?
Type 1 DM is insulin-dependent, with absent insulin production, while Type 2 DM involves insulin resistance despite normal insulin production.
What are the treatment options for DM?
Lifestyle modifications, oral medications (e.g., Metformin), insulin therapy, and blood glucose monitoring.
What is gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is characterized by high blood glucose levels that can affect both mother and baby.
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
COPD is a group of lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that block airflow and make breathing difficult.
What is asthma, and what are its triggers?
Asthma is a chronic condition where airways become inflamed and narrowed, triggered by allergens, exercise, cold air, and respiratory infections.
What are occupational lung diseases?
Diseases caused by exposure to harmful substances at work, such as dust, chemicals, and fumes (e.g., silicosis, asbestosis).
What is the treatment for asthma?
Avoidance of triggers, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory medications like corticosteroids.
