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PHYSIOLOGY > pH, Endo, and Repro Phys > Flashcards

pH, Endo, and Repro Phys Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What happens to PCO2 and pH when you increase ventilation?

A

PCO2 decreases
pH increases (more basic)

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2
Q

What happens to PCO2 and pH when you decrease ventilation?

A

PCO2 increases
pH decreases (more acidic)

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3
Q

what are the 3 ways that the renal system can contribute to long term changes to bicarbonate?

A
  1. reabsortion of filtered Bicarb (or not)
  2. production of “new” bicarb
  3. changes to net acid excretion (excreting more H+)
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4
Q

does the production of “new” bicarb increase or decrease during acidosis?

A

increases

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5
Q

does the production of “new” bicarb increase or decrease during alkalosis?

A

decreases

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6
Q

Acid Base Tree

pH above 7.4

acidosis or alkalosis

A

alkalosis

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7
Q

Acid Base Tree

pH below 7.4

acidosis or alkylosis

A

acidosis

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8
Q

Acid Base Tree

Acidosis
bicarb less than 24 mEq/L

Metabolic or resp?

A

metabolic

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9
Q

Acid Base Tree

acidosis
PCO2 greater than 40 mmHg
metabolic or resp?

A

resp

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10
Q

alkalosis
bicarb greater than 24 mEq/L
metabolic or resp?

A

metabolic

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11
Q

alkalosis
PCO2 less than 40 mmHg
metabolic or resp?

A

resp

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12
Q

rules of acid base:
constant PCO2 - changes in [HCO3-] resricted to ??

A

PCO2 isobar

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13
Q

rules of acid base:
change in PCO2 - must be parallel to ??

A

Hb Buffer Line

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14
Q

Cortisol is respinsible for?

A

energy metabolism

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15
Q

hyper

A

overproduction of main effector hormone

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16
Q

hypo

A

underproduction of main effector hormone

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17
Q

primary disorder

A

imparied function is localized to the glans that’s producing the effector hormone

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18
Q

secondary disorder

A

problem is upstream of the gland (hypothalamus, pituitary…)

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19
Q

PTH stimulates activation of?

A

Vit. D

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Calcitonin is stimuated by?

Study These Flashcards
A

hypercalcemia

22
Q

What is Calcitonin’s role in control of Ca++?

Study These Flashcards
A

decreases bone resorption

23
Q

PTH stimulation and release is stimulated by ?

24
Q

What does PTH do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. increase Ca++ reabsorption in the kidneys (distal tubule)
  2. decrease phosphate reabsorption (proximal tubule)
  3. Promotes activation of Vit D.
25
what does Vit. D do?
stimulate Ca++ absorption in the gut
26
what does thyrpid hormone do?
1. increase energy metabolization 2. increase energy consumption 3. increase expression of beta-adrenergic receptors
27
which is the active form of thyroid hormone? T3 or T4?
T3
28
primary hyperthyroidism effect on TSH and T3/T4 levels?
decrease TSH, increase T3/T4
29
secondary hyperthyroidism effect on TSH and T3/T4 levels?
increase TSH, increase T3 and T4
30
which cell produces Te? Leydig or Sertoli?
Leydig
31
Which cell uses aromatase to convert Te to E? Leydig or Sertoli?
Sertoli
32
Which cell produces Te? Theca or Granulosa?
Theca
33
Which cell uses aromatase to convert Te to E? Theca or Granulosa?
Granulosa
34
Which cell produces progesterone? Theca or Granulosa?
Theca
35
Estrous cyle:
pro-estrus, estrus, (ovulation), metestrus, diestrus
36
low but emerging levels of E in which estrous phase?
pro-estrus
37
peak E levels in which estrous phase?
estrus
38
what estrous phase includes the development of the CL?
metestrus
39
which estrous phase has peak levels of progesterone?
diestrus
40
mechanism of follicular atresia
low FSH -> increase T -> apoptosis of immature follicles
41
what releases LH/FSH?
hypothalamus/pituitary
42
main regulator of GnRH?
kisspeptin
43
high kisspeptin = ?
estrous cycling
44
low kisspeptin = ?
anestrous
45
Maternal-placental-fetal which converts acetate into cholesterol?
maternal
46
Maternal-placental-fetal which turns cholesterol into progesterone?
placental
47
Maternal-placental-fetal which produces progesterone from pregnenalone?
placental
48
Maternal-placental-fetal which makes androgen from pregenalone?
fetal
49
Maternal-placental-fetal which converts androgen into estrogen?
placental
50
OT and effect on Ca++?
GPCR -> alpha(q) -> increases Ca++

PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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