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PHYSIOLOGY > Renal Phys (EXAM 3) > Flashcards

Renal Phys (EXAM 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on Pglom

A

increase Pglom

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1
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) restult on RPF

A

increase RPF

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2
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on GFR

A

increase GFR

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3
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on FF

A

no change

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4
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on oncotic pressure of PTC

A

no change

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5
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on Pglom

A

decrease Pglom

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6
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on RPF

A

increase RPF

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7
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on GFR

A

decrease GFR

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8
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on FF

A

decrease FF

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9
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on oncotic pressure of PTC

A

decrease

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10
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on Pglom

A

decrease

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11
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on RPF

A

decrease RPF

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12
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on GFR

A

decrease GFR

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13
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on FF

A

no change

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14
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on onctic pressure of PTC

A

no change

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15
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on Pglom

A

increase Pglom

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16
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on RPF

A

decrease RPF

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17
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on GFR

A

increase

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18
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on FF

A

increase FF

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19
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on osmotic pressure of PTC

A

increase

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20
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on Pglom

A

no change

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21
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on RPF

A

increase RPF

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22
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on GFR

A

increase GFR

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23
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on FF

A

no change

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24
dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on osmotic pressure of PTC
no change
25
decrease in Pglom --> ? GFR
decrease GFR
26
increase vasa recta flow --> ?
Increase urea washout —> decrease osm of medullary ISF
27
decrease in osm of medullary ISF --> ?
decreased H2O and Na+ reabsorption in LoH
28
what is osmolarity determined by?
determined by the concentration of dissolved solute
29
what is tonicity?
concentration of effective osmolar solute (capable of creating an osmotic pressure gradient causing H2O to move)
30
What promotes filtration?
Pglom, and osmotic pressure of bowman's space
31
What opposes filtration?
osmotic pressure of the glomerulus, and hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space
32
What are the 2 forces most important for determining GFR?
Pglom and πglom
33
does pressure increase or decrease across a resistor?
decrease
34
what determines πglom?
indirectly determine by RPF
35
increase MAP --> ? GFR
decreased GFR
36
decreased MAP --> ? GFR
increased
37
what are the main 3 effects of ADH?
1. increase AQP surface expression 2. increase urea reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct 3. increase thirst
38
What body conditions does AngII respond to?
volume contraction - hypovolemia (decrease in circ. blood vol)
39
How is AngII increased?
increased renin secretion due to: 1. decreased perfusion pressure of aff arteriole 2. TG feedback (low [NaCl] sensed at MD cells) 3. increased SNS outflow at the Aff arteriole
40
How does AngII increase Na+ transport/reabsorption?
AT2 activation (proximal tubule), increased Ald production (last distal tubule and cortical collecting duct), and hemodynamic effects downstream of increase of restriction of eff arteriole)
41
Explain AngII and it's hemodynamic effects
Increase of resistance of the eff artieriole --> decrease RPF and increase Pglom. Increased Pglom --> increased GFR --> increased FF --> increased πPTC --> increased capillary reabsorption (PTC)
42
How are ADH anf AngII similar?
an increase in both leads to an increase in H2O reabsorption
43
What does the SNS respond to?
hypovolemia decreased BV --> decreased MAP --> increased outflow of SNS
44
What is the immediate response of the SNS?
vasoconstriction of the aff arteriole
45
What corrects for the decrease in GFR due to SNS outflow?
AngII - by constriction of the eff arteriole
46
What does ANP respond to?
hypervolemia - volume expansion (increased vol of ECF)
47
What are the effects of ANP?
1. decreased renin secretion--> decreased AngII 2. inhibition of ENaC **directly impairs Na+ reabsorption anf indirectly impairs H2O reabsorption)** 3. dilation of aff arteriole (hemodynamic effect) --> increases fluid excretion and increases urea washout
48
most diuretics promote ?
Natruiresis
49
define natriuresis
increased excretion of Na+ and H2O
50
define diuresis
increased excretion of dilulte H2O
51
what opposes diuresis?
ADH
52
How is ANP mobilized?
increase in Right Atrial Pressure --> activates love pressure baroreceptors (in R.A. and vena cava)
53
What do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors target?
Na+ transport in the proximal tubule
54
What is the effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
1. increase Na+ excretion 2. increase HCO3- excretion --> metabolic acidosis
55
What do loop diuretics target?
the thick ascending limb of the LoH
56
What is the effect of loop diretics?
1. increased Na+ excretion 2. Increased K+ excretion --> hypokalemia
57
What do Thiazide diuretics target?
the distal tubule
58
What is the effect of Thiazide diuretics?
1. increase Na+ excretion 2. decrease Ca2+ excretion --> hypercalcemia
59
What do K+ Sparing Diuretics target?
late distal tubule/cortical collecting duct
60
What is the effect of K+ Sparing Diuretics?
1. Increased Na+ excretion 2. decreased K+ excretion --> hyperkalemia
61
What kind of substance is the best measurment of GFR?
one that is freely filtered, but neither reabsorbed or secreted (inulin or creatinine)
62
What kind of substance is the best measurement for RPF?
one that is freely filtered, and extensively secreted (PAH)
63
What type of substance will have the highest renal clearance (Cx)?
one that is freely filtered, and extensively secreted (PAH)
64
What type of substance will have the lowest renal clearance (Cx)?
one that is freely filteres, but extensively reabsorbed (glucose)
65
What type of substance will have an intermediate renal clearance (Cx)?
one that is freely filtered, but neither reabsorbed or secreted (inulin or creatinine)
66
disruption of blood flow: what type of AKI?
pre-renal
67
disruption originates within the kidney itself: what type of AKI?
intra-renal
68
disruption due to impaired drainage of the urinary tract: what type of AKI?
post-renal
69
what is the significance of an increased creatinine?
usually means impaired kidney fxn

PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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