Pharm 1 Exam 1

Question 1

How can you promote patient adherence?

Answer 1

Teach them the ins and out of the meds so they are more likely to take them and use them correctly.

Question 2

How do you evaluate a therapeutic response?

Answer 2

You need to know what the indication of the drug it.

Question 3

How do you minimize adverse effects?

Answer 3

Educate the patient on the risks of the drug.

Question 4

What is the nursing process in drug therapy?

Answer 4

ADPIE - Assess. diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate

Question 5

What is enterohepatic recirculation?

Answer 5

When a drug is excreted into the bile duct into the duodenum, then absorbed into the portal of circulation back to the liver. These stay in the system longer.

Question 6

What is the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme?

Answer 6

Cytochrome P450 system. (CYP 450).

Question 7

What ar the consequences of drug metabolism?

Answer 7

• Accelerated renal drug excretion
• Drug inactivation (from active to inactive)
• Increased therapeutic action
• activation of prodrugs (from inactive to active)
• Increased/decreased toxicity.

Question 8

Therapeutic range = ?

Answer 8

between MEC and toxicity

MEC = minimum effective concentration

Question 9

In dealing with half lives, what is a loading dose?

Answer 9

A larger dose that speeds up the time to get to the plateau dose.

Question 10

How much of a drug will be gone in 4 half lives?

Answer 10

94%

Question 11

Types of drug interactions:
-Direct?
-Altered Absorption?
-Distribution?
-Metabolism?
P-Glycoprotein?
Same Receptor?
Different Receptor?
Combined Toxicity?

Answer 11

• Direct: most common in IV. (put something solid in IV)
• AA: Drugs that changes the bodies ability to absorb.
• Dist: Protein binding or alteration in extracellular pH which effects ionization of a drug.
• Met: Activation or depression of CYP450.
• P-G: Alteration similar to CYP450.
• SR: Drug blocks access to another drug.
• DR: 2 drugs acting on same side with same effects.
• CT: If both drugs toxic to same organ.

Question 12

How does ingesting high levels of vitamin K+ effect warfarin?

Answer 12

It counteracts warfarin.

Question 13

What is a latrogenic disease?

Answer 13

A disease caused by a drug.

Question 14

What is an A/E of heparin during pregnancy?

Answer 14

Osteoporosis.

Question 15

What is an A/E of prostaglandins during pregnancy?

Answer 15

Uterine contractions.

Question 16

What is an A/E of Aspirin during pregnancy?

Answer 16

Suppresses uterine contractions

Question 17

FDA pregnancy risk categories…

Answer 17

A: Controlled studies show no risk
B: Animal studies no risk, NO RISK IN 1st TRIMESTER!
C: Risk in animals or no study.

Question 18

Drug therapy differences in neonates and infants caused by:

Answer 18

• Gastric emptying is slower and irregular.
• gastric acidity is lower
• Slow and erratic muscle blood flow.
• Increased skin absorption.
• Decreased protein binding
• UNDERDEVELOPED LIVER
• Reduced renal drug excretion

Question 19

Drug therapy differences in elderly caused by:

Answer 19

• Delayed gastric emptying
• reduced gastric acidity
• Increased body fat %.
• Decreased lean mass
• Decreased total body water
• Decreased serum albumin
• Decreased liver function
• decreased renal drug excretion

Question 20

What should all women within child bearing age take?

Answer 20

Folic acid

Question 21

Know the Indications, actions, and Deficiencies of Vitamin D:

Answer 21

• Indications: Weak bones
• Actions: regulates calcium and bone health
• Deficiencies: rickets and osteomalacia.

Question 22

What does a deficiency in Niacin cause?

Answer 22

It causes Pellagra which is a dermatitis that causes skin problems/cracking in the sun.

Question 23

What are the indications and actions of Thaimine (B1)?

Answer 23

• Indications: beriberi, Wernicke korsakoff (brain damage)

- Actions: carb metabolism, increased usage during pregnancy and lactation.

Question 24

What is pyridoxine contraindicated for?

Answer 24

Levodopa (Parkinsons disease)

Question 25

Orlistat is used for what? WHat does it inhibit?

Answer 25

obesity (long term). It inhibits the absorption of fat.

Question 26

What are the A/E of orlistat?

Answer 26

• increased Oily, fatty stools.
• Liver damage
• Acute pancreatitis and kidney stones.

Question 27

What is Orlistat contraindicated for?

Answer 27

People with absorption problems (malabsorption syndrome)

Question 28

What are the short term drugs for Obesity?

Answer 28

Nonamphetamines and amphetamines.

Question 29

What are the 2 nonamphetamines? What do they do?

Answer 29

Diethylpropion and phentermine. Suppress appetite.

Question 30

What can the FDA regulate when it comes to supplements?

Answer 30

Vitamins and supplements cannot make definitive claims like. “cures UTI’s.” Instead it would have to say something like, “helps promote urinary tract health.”

Question 31

What does Coenzyme Q10 do?

Answer 31

(Fights-War and Statins) Its used for heart failure and muscle injury from statins. It also counteracts warfarin.