Pharm

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs

Question 2

Oral drugs

Answer 2

taken by mouth
come in tablets, capsules, powder, and liquid

Question 3

EC

Answer 3

entericcoated drugs
dissolve when drug reaches the stomach

Question 4

ER

Answer 4

Extended release
release over a period of time

Question 5

XL

Answer 5

extended release

Question 6

SR/XR

Answer 6

Sustained release

Question 7

SA

Answer 7

Sustained action

Question 8

What are the phases of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 8

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Question 9

Absorption

Answer 9

transmission of medications from the location of administration, to the bloodstream

Question 10

Distribution

Answer 10

transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids

Question 11

Metabolism

Answer 11

changes medications into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes

Question 12

Excretion

Answer 12

The elimination of medication from the body primarily from the kidneys

Question 13

Different areas of location administration

Answer 13

GI tract, muscle, skin, mucous membranes, subQ tissue

Question 14

Barriers to absorption (Oral)

Answer 14

medications must pass through the layer of epithelial cells that line the GI tract

Question 15

Absorption pattern (Oral) varies due to:

Answer 15

GI pH and emptying time
Stability and solubility of medication
Presence of food in the stomach
Other concurrent medications
Forms of medications

Question 16

Barriers of absorption (sublingual/buccal)

Answer 16

swallowing before dissolution allows gastric pH to inactivate the medication

Question 17

Absorption pattern (sublingual/buccal)

Answer 17

quick absorption systemically through highly vascular mucous membranes

Question 18

Barriers of absorption (rectal, vagina)

Answer 18

presence of stool in the rectum or infectious material in the vagina limits tissue contact

Question 19

Absorption pattern (rectal, vagina)

Answer 19

easy absorption with both local and systemic effects

Question 20

Barriers of absorption (inhalation by mouth or nose)

Answer 20

inspiratory effort

Question 21

Absorption patterns (inhalation by mouth or nose)

Answer 21

rapid absorption through alveolar capillary networks

Question 22

Barries to absorption (intradermal)

Answer 22

close proximity of epidermal cells

Question 23

Absorption pattern (intradermal)

Answer 23

Slow, gradual absorption
Effects are primarily local

Question 24

Barriers to absorption (subQ, intramuscular)

Answer 24

Capillary walls have large spaces between cells therefore having no significant barrier

Question 25

Absorption pattern (subQ, intramuscular)

Answer 25

highly soluble meds have rapid absorption(10-30min), poorly soluble meds have slow absorption sites with high blood perfusion have rapid absorption, sites with low perfusion have low absorption

Question 26

Barriers to absorption (intravenous)

Answer 26

no barriers

Question 27

Absorption pattern (intravenous)

Answer 27

immediate: enters directly into the blood Complete: reaches the blood in its entirety

Question 28

Factors influencing distribution

Answer 28

Circulation, permeability of the cell membrane, plasma protein building

Question 29

Circulation

Answer 29

Diseases such as peripheral vascular or cardiac disease can delay medication distribution

Question 30

Permeability of the cell membrane

Answer 30

medication must be able to pass through tissues and membranes to reach its target area.

Question 31

Plasma protein building

Answer 31

Ability of medication to bind to a protein can affect how much of the medication will leave and travel to target issues. When two medications fight for the same protein it can cause toxicity

Question 32

9 body systems

Answer 32

Neurological Musculoskeletal Respiratory Cardiovascular Hematologic Gastrointestinal Reproductive and Genitourinary Endocrine Immune

Question 33

Parenteral (Injectable) Drugs

Answer 33

Come in liquid form or powder that needs liquid added (reconstitution) Can be administered intravenously, subQ, intramuscular

Question 34

Topical or Transdermal Drugs

Answer 34

Medications that are applied to the skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, or lungs

Question 35

Drug Half-Life

Answer 35

time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in amount by half

Question 36

Onset

Answer 36

amount of time it takes for the drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response

Question 37

Peak

Answer 37

time it takes the drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect (highest level)

Question 38

Duration

Answer 38

length of time the drug's therapeutic effect lasts without additional doses

Question 39

Trough

Answer 39

when the drug is at its lowest level in the body

Question 40

Trough

Answer 40

when the drug is at its lowest level in the body

Question 41

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 41

biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of taking a drug

Question 42

Therapeutic effects

Answer 42

intended effects of the drug