Pharm Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
What is baclofen primarily used for?
A
Baclofen is primarily used to treat muscle spasticity.
2
Q
True or False: Baclofen can be used to manage symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
A
True
3
Q
Fill in the blank: Baclofen acts as a _____ in the central nervous system.
A
muscle relaxant
4
Q
Which condition is baclofen commonly associated with?
A
Multiple sclerosis
5
Q
What is the mechanism of action of baclofen?
A
Baclofen works by activating GABA-B receptors.
6
Q
Multiple choice: What is a common side effect of baclofen? A) Nausea B) Hair loss C) Increased appetite
A
A) Nausea
7
Q
True or False: Baclofen can be administered via intrathecal delivery.
A
True
8
Q
What is the typical starting dose of baclofen for adults?
A
5 mg three times a day.
9
Q
Fill in the blank: Baclofen can help improve _____ in patients with multiple sclerosis.
A
mobility
10
Q
What is a potential risk of abrupt discontinuation of baclofen?
A
Withdrawal symptoms
11
Q
Multiple choice: Baclofen is classified as which type of drug? A) Antidepressant B) Muscle relaxant C) Antibiotic
A
B) Muscle relaxant
12
Q
True or False: Baclofen is effective for all patients with multiple sclerosis.
A
False
13
Q
What should be monitored when a patient is on baclofen?
A
For signs of sedation and dizziness.
14
Q
Fill in the blank: The maximum recommended daily dose of baclofen is _____ mg.
A
80
15
Q
What type of spasticity does baclofen primarily treat?
A
Muscle spasticity
16
Q
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for baclofen? A) Hypersensitivity B) Liver disease C) Diabetes
A
C) Diabetes
17
Q
True or False: Baclofen can be taken with alcohol without any risks.
A
False
18
Q
What is an important consideration when prescribing baclofen?
A
Gradual dose titration is necessary.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: Baclofen may also be used for _____ in patients with spinal cord injuries.
A
pain relief
20
Q
What is the role of baclofen in managing multiple sclerosis related spasticity?
A
It helps reduce muscle stiffness and improve mobility.
21
Q
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common form of baclofen administration? A) Oral B) Injection C) Both A and B
A
C) Both A and B
22
Q
True or False: Baclofen is a first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis spasticity.
A
True
23
Q
What is the effect of baclofen on GABA receptors?
A
It enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA.
24
Q
Fill in the blank: Baclofen is often used in conjunction with _____ for spasticity management.
A
physical therapy
25
What is a significant benefit of using baclofen for patients with multiple sclerosis?
It can improve quality of life by reducing spasticity.
26
What is the primary purpose of interferon medications in multiple sclerosis?
To reduce the frequency and severity of relapses.
27
True or False: Interferon medications can completely cure multiple sclerosis.
False
28
Fill in the blank: Interferons are a type of ________ that are used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
cytokine
29
Name one common side effect of interferon medications.
Flu-like symptoms
30
Which type of multiple sclerosis is most commonly treated with interferon medications?
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
31
What is the mechanism of action for interferon beta in multiple sclerosis?
It modulates the immune response and reduces inflammation.
32
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an interferon medication approved for MS? A) Glatiramer Acetate B) Interferon Beta-1a C) Natalizumab
B) Interferon Beta-1a
33
True or False: Interferon therapy requires regular monitoring of liver function.
True
34
Fill in the blank: Interferon medications are typically administered via ________.
injection
35
What is a potential long-term risk associated with interferon therapy?
Development of neutralizing antibodies
36
Short Answer: How often is interferon beta-1a administered for MS treatment?
Once a week or three times a week, depending on the formulation.
37
Multiple Choice: Which interferon medication is administered intramuscularly? A) Interferon Beta-1b B) Interferon Beta-1a C) Both A and B
B) Interferon Beta-1a
38
True or False: Interferon medications are effective for all types of multiple sclerosis.
False
39
Fill in the blank: The use of interferon medications is contraindicated in patients with ________ disease.
severe liver
40
What is the brand name of Interferon Beta-1b?
Betaseron
41
Short Answer: What is the primary benefit of using interferon medications in MS?
To decrease relapse rates and slow disability progression.
42
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common route of administration for interferon medications? A) Oral B) Subcutaneous C) Topical
B) Subcutaneous
43
True or False: Interferon medications can cause depression as a side effect.
True
44
Fill in the blank: Interferon medications can lead to ________ reactions at the injection site.
local
45
What is the role of interferons in the immune system?
They help regulate immune responses and have antiviral properties.
46
Short Answer: Why is patient education important when starting interferon therapy?
To ensure adherence and manage potential side effects.
47
Multiple Choice: Which interferon medication is typically self-administered at home? A) Interferon Beta-1a B) Ocrelizumab C) Mitoxantrone
A) Interferon Beta-1a
48
True or False: Interferon therapy can be combined with other MS treatments.
True
49
Fill in the blank: Regular ________ tests are necessary to monitor the effects of interferon therapy.
blood
50
What is the impact of interferon therapy on MRI findings in MS patients?
It can reduce the number of active lesions.
51
Short Answer: What should patients do if they experience severe side effects from interferon therapy?
Contact their healthcare provider immediately.
52
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a brand name for an interferon medication? A) Avonex B) Rebif C) Tecfidera
C) Tecfidera
53
What is the primary purpose of medications for Alzheimer's disease?
To help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
54
Name a common class of medications used to treat Alzheimer's.
Cholinesterase inhibitors.
55
True or False: Cholinesterase inhibitors can reverse Alzheimer's disease.
False.
56
Fill in the blank: The most commonly prescribed cholinesterase inhibitor is __________.
Donepezil.
57
What is the mechanism of action for cholinesterase inhibitors?
They increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
58
Which medication is known to be a NMDA receptor antagonist for Alzheimer's treatment?
Memantine.
59
True or False: Memantine is often used in conjunction with cholinesterase inhibitors.
True.
60
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor? A) Rivastigmine B) Galantamine C) Memantine
C) Memantine.
61
What are common side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?
Nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and muscle cramps.
62
Fill in the blank: The FDA approved __________ for the treatment of Alzheimer's in 2021.
Aducanumab.
63
Short answer: What does Aducanumab target in Alzheimer's patients?
Amyloid plaques in the brain.
64
What is the primary goal of using memantine in Alzheimer's treatment?
To help with moderate to severe Alzheimer's symptoms.
65
True or False: Behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's can be treated with medications.
True.
66
Name one type of medication used to manage behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's.
Antidepressants or antipsychotics.
67
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a side effect of memantine? A) Weight gain B) Dizziness C) Increased appetite
B) Dizziness.
68
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common treatment for anxiety in Alzheimer's patients.
Buspirone.
69
What is the significance of monitoring patients on Alzheimer medications?
To assess efficacy and manage side effects.
70
Short answer: Why is it important to have a comprehensive treatment plan for Alzheimer's?
To address cognitive, behavioral, and physical health needs.
71
True or False: All Alzheimer's medications are effective for every patient.
False.
72
Fill in the blank: __________ should not be abruptly discontinued as it can worsen symptoms.
Cholinesterase inhibitors.
73
What is the role of healthcare providers in prescribing Alzheimer's medications?
To evaluate symptoms and tailor treatment plans.
74
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a potential risk of antipsychotics in Alzheimer's treatment? A) Increased agitation B) Stroke C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B.
75
Short answer: What should caregivers be educated about when a patient is on Alzheimer's medications?
Potential side effects and the importance of adherence.
76
What is the benefit of using a combination of medications in Alzheimer's treatment?
To target multiple symptoms and improve overall function.
77
True or False: Non-pharmacological interventions are not recommended for Alzheimer's patients.
False.
78
Fill in the blank: __________ is often used to help with sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's patients.
Melatonin.
79
What is the primary medication used to treat Parkinson's disease?
Levodopa
80
True or False: Dopamine agonists mimic the effects of dopamine in the brain.
True
81
Fill in the blank: __________ is often combined with levodopa to enhance its effectiveness.
Carbidopa
82
Name a common dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's treatment.
Pramipexole
83
What class of medications includes drugs like selegiline and rasagiline?
MAO-B inhibitors
84
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a common Parkinson's medication? A) Amantadine B) Sertraline C) Entacapone
B) Sertraline
85
True or False: Entacapone is used to prolong the effect of levodopa.
True
86
What type of medication is amantadine classified as?
Antiviral and dopaminergic agent
87
Fill in the blank: __________ is a medication that can help with dyskinesia in Parkinson's patients.
Amantadine
88
Short answer: What is the main action of carbidopa in Parkinson's treatment?
To prevent levodopa from converting to dopamine before reaching the brain.
89
Multiple choice: Which drug is typically used as a first-line treatment for younger patients with Parkinson's? A) Levodopa B) Dopamine agonists C) MAO-B inhibitors
B) Dopamine agonists
90
True or False: Levodopa is effective in treating all symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
False
91
What is the purpose of using a COMT inhibitor like entacapone?
To extend the duration of action of levodopa.
92
Fill in the blank: __________ is a drug that can cause hallucinations as a side effect.
Dopamine agonists
93
Short answer: What is a common side effect of levodopa?
Nausea
94
Multiple choice: Which medication is known for causing impulse control disorders? A) Levodopa B) Pramipexole C) Selegiline
B) Pramipexole
95
True or False: MAO-B inhibitors can be used as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease.
True
96
What is the role of selegiline in Parkinson's treatment?
To inhibit the breakdown of dopamine.
97
Fill in the blank: __________ is the enzyme that breaks down dopamine and is inhibited by MAO-B inhibitors.
Monoamine oxidase B
98
Short answer: What is the main benefit of using carbidopa/levodopa combination therapy?
To reduce side effects and increase the efficacy of levodopa.
99
Multiple choice: Which medication is often used in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease to manage 'off' periods? A) Amantadine B) Entacapone C) Selegiline
B) Entacapone
100
True or False: Parkinson's medications can completely cure the disease.
False
101
What is the effect of dopamine agonists on Parkinson's symptoms?
They help to stimulate dopamine receptors and alleviate symptoms.
102
Fill in the blank: __________ is a medication that may be used to treat Parkinson's-related sleep disturbances.
Melatonin
103
Short answer: Why might a doctor prescribe a combination of medications for Parkinson's disease?
To optimize symptom management and minimize side effects.
104
105
What is the primary purpose of anticonvulsant medications?
To prevent or reduce the frequency of seizures.
106
True or False: All seizure medications work the same way.
False.
107
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common medication used to treat epilepsy.
Phenytoin
108
What class of drugs does Lamotrigine belong to?
Antiepileptic drugs.
109
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of seizure medications? A) Drowsiness B) Weight gain C) Increased energy D) Nausea
C) Increased energy
110
What is the mechanism of action for Valproate?
It increases the availability of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
111
True or False: Carbamazepine is effective for all types of seizures.
False.
112
What is the trade name for Levetiracetam?
Keppra.
113
Fill in the blank: __________ is often used as a first-line treatment for partial seizures.
Carbamazepine
114
Multiple Choice: Which medication is commonly used to treat absence seizures? A) Phenytoin B) Ethosuximide C) Lamotrigine D) Gabapentin
B) Ethosuximide
115
What is a common side effect of Topiramate?
Cognitive impairment.
116
True or False: Seizure medications can have interactions with other drugs.
True.
117
What is the primary concern with using too much Phenytoin?
Risk of toxicity and potential side effects.
118
Fill in the blank: __________ is a newer anticonvulsant that is effective for both focal and generalized seizures.
Levetiracetam
119
Multiple Choice: Which medication is often used as an adjunct therapy for epilepsy? A) Clonazepam B) Acetaminophen C) Ibuprofen D) Aspirin
A) Clonazepam
120
What is the role of GABA in seizure control?
It acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter to reduce neuronal excitability.
121
True or False: All patients with epilepsy will respond to the same medication.
False.
122
Fill in the blank: __________ is a medication known for causing weight loss as a side effect.
Topiramate
123
What is the significance of monitoring drug levels in patients taking anticonvulsants?
To prevent toxicity and ensure therapeutic efficacy.
124
Multiple Choice: Which drug is known for its risk of causing Stevens-Johnson syndrome? A) Lamotrigine B) Gabapentin C) Levetiracetam D) Topiramate
A) Lamotrigine
125
What is a common strategy for managing epilepsy when medications are ineffective?
Consideration of surgical options.
126
True or False: Withdrawal from seizure medications should be done abruptly.
False.
127
Fill in the blank: __________ is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug that can treat multiple seizure types.
Valproate
128
What is the role of lifestyle modifications in managing epilepsy?
To help reduce seizure triggers and improve overall health.
