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Pharm > Pharm 2 Exam 1 Drug List > Flashcards

Pharm 2 Exam 1 Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

Benzocaine

A

local anesthetic
short acting ester type LA
topical

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2
Q

Procaine

A

local anesthetic

short acting ester type LA for infiltration, epidural, spinal

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3
Q

Cocaine

A

local anesthetic
short acting ester type LA for topical use in throat and nose procedures
SE: vasoconstriction and tachycardia

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4
Q

Lidocaine

A

local anesthetic

longer acting amide LA for infiltration, Bier block, peripheral, epidural, spinal

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5
Q

Ropivacaine

A

local anesthetic

longer acting amide LA for peripheral

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6
Q

Epinephrine

A

adjunct w/ local anesthetic

Reduces systemic absorption of LA by vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

adjunct w/ local anesthetic for epidural and spinal administration to further reduce pain transmission

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8
Q

Diazepam

A

adjunct w/ local anesthetic

Tx convulsions d/t systemic absorption of LA into CNS

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9
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

extracellular Na channel blocker (binds in all states) vs local anesthetic (use dependent blockade)

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10
Q

Esters

A

Single “i”
cocaine, procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine
short T1/2
SE: allergy d/t PABA
met. by plasma and liver psuedocholinesterases

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11
Q

Amides

A

Double “i”
lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, prilocaine, ropivacaine
longer T1/2
met. in liver by p450

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12
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

1 MAC=105%. Blood:gas 0.47, very insoluble in blood, rapid induction and emergence. Analgesic, 70-80% in O2 used.
GOOD: analgesia b4 anesthesia, little toxicity, rapid induction/recovery
BAD: weak agent, hypoxia may occur, closed air spaces may expand
Avoid in pt w. pneumothorax, obstructed middle ear, air embolus, obstructed bowel loop, intraocular air bubble, intracranial air
Anesthesia Lecture

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13
Q

Enflurane

A

Blood:gas 1.8=relatively high, induction slow
BAD: CV depression d/t dec in contractility, seizures, uterine muscle relaxant
Anesthesia Lecture

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14
Q

Isoflurane

A

MC used inhalation anesthetic in US
1 MAC=1.4%, Blood:gas 1.4=relatively low, somewhat fast induction
GOOD: CO maintained, systemic vessels dilate causing sm dec in BP, arrhythmias uncommon, potent coronary vasodilator
BAD: more pungent than halothane, progressive respiratory depression
Anesthesia Lecture

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15
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Blood:gas .69= relatively low, fast induction
GOOD: can be used for outpt anesthesia b/c of its rapid recovery profile
BAD: some reports of toxicity
Anesthesia Lecture

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16
Q

Dusflurane

A

Blood:gad 0.42, low, very fast induction. Very fast emergence, usu does not exceed 5-10 min.
GOOD: useful for outpt surgery d/t rapid onset and recovery. Not very fat soluble.
BAD: irritating to airway can cause coughing, salivation, bronchospasm. Low volatility=requires use of specially heated vaporizer. May evoke tachycardia.
Anesthesia Lecture

17
Q

Methoxyflurane

A

Blood:gas 12, highly soluble in rubber so special equipment needed, not used much anymore.
GOOD: very potent
BAD: extensive metabolism, may produce renal failure and nephrotoxicity.
Anesthesia Lecture

18
Q

Halothane

A

Blood:gas 2.3=relatively high, induction slow
soluble in fat
BAD: halothane hepatitis: immune response evoking hepatic necrosis, fever, nausea, rash, vomiting
Anesthesia Lecture

19
Q

Barbiturates (sodium thiopental)

A

IV
GOOD: little post-anesthetic excitement or vomiting, water soluble
BAD: respiratory and CV depression, no antagonist, slow recovery, no analgesia
Anesthesia Lecture

20
Q

Propofol

A

IV
GOOD: rapid metabolism and recovery, little accumulation, milk of amnesia as it produces a hypnotic and forgetful rest
BAD: not water soluble, no antagonist, no analgesia, cardiorespiratory depression, can elicit pain on initial injection.
Anesthesia Lecture

21
Q

Etomidate

A

IV
GOOD: ANTAGONIST available, anterograde amnesia, CV stability=is primarily used for pt at risk of hypotension.
BAD: accumulates=slow recovery, no analgesia, pain on injection
Anesthesia Lecture

22
Q

Ketamine

A

IV
GOOD: analgesia, NO resp depression=may inc BP, hypnotic state=dissociative anesthesia
BAD: inc musc tone and incidence of involuntary movements, hallucinations, adverse effects are less common in kids
Anesthesia Lecture

23
Q

Midazolam, diazepam

A

Benzodiazepines

Anesthesia Lecture

24
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamines

Anesthesia Lecture

25
Q

Ondansetrone

A

Antiemetics

Anesthesia Lecture

26
Q

Fentanyl and Morphine

A

Opioids

Anesthesia Lecture

27
Q

Scopolamine, Atropine

A

Antimuscarinincs

Anesthesia Lecture

28
Q

Pancuronium

A

Muscle relaxants

Anesthesia Lecture

Pharm (4 decks)

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