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Robbins Pathology MSK (Chapters 24,25,26) > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Is probenicid a sulfa drug?

A

Yes

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2
Q

How is ziconotide administered

A

Only for chronic pain as it is administered intrathecally

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3
Q

What class of drug is duloxetine

A

Antidepressant SNRI

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action for clonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

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5
Q

What is the drug sulfinpyrazone most similar to

A

Probenecid

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6
Q

COX1 tends to be expressed in which locations

A

All tissues all the time, with the prominent role in responding to physiological stimuli

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7
Q

How does ASA differ from other NSAIDs

A

ASA i irreversible while others are reversible

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action for anakinra

A

IL1 antagonist

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9
Q

What are the properties of a drug that ends in:

-mab

A

Monoclonal Ab

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10
Q

What are the properties of a drug that ends in:

-zumab

A

Humanized mAb

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11
Q

When are glucocorticoids particularly effective

A

When waiting for other long drugs to kick in, or when there is a flare up

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12
Q

What is the adverse reaction seen with rituximab

A

Infusion hypersensitivity rxn

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13
Q

How is ketamine different than most anesthetics

A

Actually raises the blood pressure

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tofacitinub

A

JAK3 antagonist (Decreased IL-17 and IFN-gamma) and CD4

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15
Q

What type of drug is pregabalin

A

Antiepileptic

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16
Q

What are the conditions that pregabalin is approved to treat

A

1) Neuropathic pain with DM
2) postherpetic neuralgia
3) Partial seizures
4) fibromyalgia

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17
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of tocilizumab

A

URI

-Life threatening infections like TB

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18
Q

What are the properties of a drug that ends in:

-umab

A

-Human mAb origin

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action for adalimumab

A

Anti TNF (subQ every 2 weeks)

***Best selling drug in the world

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20
Q

What is the effect of other NSAIDs on the effect of ASA

A

It atagoniszes because the receptors are already saturated

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of actio for hydroxychloroquine, what is it normally used to treat, and how does it cause immunosupression

A

Radiates the pH of the cell, usually used to treat malaria, and the increased pH in the lysosomes lead to decreased presentation of the antigen on MHC2

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action for celecoxib

A

COX2 inhibitor

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23
Q

What are the contraindications for NSAID use

A
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Gastric ulcer
  • heart failure or uncontrolled HTN
  • Allergy
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24
Q

What is the mechanism of action for infliximab

A

Anti TNF (IV every 6 weeks)

25
Q

What is the mechansim of action for sulfalazine, its normal use, and how it causes immunosupression

A

Sulfpyridine is the active agent (as opposed to 5-ASA in IBD), normally used in IBD

26
Q

What is the effect of acetaminophen on warfarin

A

-Inhibits metabolism of it, so increased risk of bleeding

27
Q

What are the general trends of biological DMARDs

A
  • Faster onset
  • High rate of response
  • More expensive
  • Increased risk for side effects
28
Q

What is the MOA of pregabalin

A

-Bind to alpha2-delta on the VGCalcium channel in the CNS

29
Q

What is the downside of COX2 only inhibitors

A

Increase the risk for MI and stroke

Does not inhibit platelet aggregation (does eliminate bleeding tho)

30
Q

What kind of drug is tramadol

A

Antidepressant and weak mu

*blocks NE and 5HT reuptake by blocking MAO

31
Q

What makes Aspirin so effective in the Inhibition of platelet aggregation

A

It is irreversible Inhibition of COX, so the effect is felt for the lifetime of the platelet, which is 8 days

32
Q

What type of drug is gabapentin

A

Antiepileptic drug

33
Q

How does acetaminophen differ from other NSAIDs

A

Suppresses pain and fever, but no inflammation

-No GI ulcers, platelet aggregation suppression, or renal impairment

34
Q

What is the difference between feboxustat and allopurinol

A

Allopurinol is purine competitive inhibitor

Feboxustat is a nonpuring competitive inhibitor

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action for etanercept

A

Anti-TNF (IV 1 or 2 x/week)

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tocilizumab

A

IL6 antagonist

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action for dexmedetomidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

38
Q

How does methotrexate cause antiinflammatory effects

A

Blocks the synthesis of purine by acting as a folate analog. There is the buildup of adenosine which binds to the GCPR and acts as an anti inflammatory

39
Q

How does pegloticase work

A

Covelently attaches to methyoxy polyethylene glycol and converts uric acid into allantoin

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action for abatacept

A

Prevents CD28 bindings to CD80/86

41
Q

Where and when does COX2 tend to be expressed

A

In some tissue and is induced sometimes

42
Q

What are the effects to TCA and other antidepressant

A

Anticholinergic, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, sedation and mental clouding

43
Q

What class of drug is amitriptyline

A

Antidepressant TCA

44
Q

What is the MOA for ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist

45
Q

What kind of drug is tapentadol

A

Antidepressant and weak mu

*Blocks NE and 5HT reuptake and inhibition of MAO

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action for lefunomide, its normal use, and its mechanism of action in immunosupression

A

Inhibits dihydrooratate dehydrogenase, which blocks proliferation of T cells

47
Q

What is the most common adverse effect of leflunomide

A

Diarrhea, respiratory infection, alopecia, rash, nausea

48
Q

What is the rule of thumb when used biological DMARDs

A

Never combine biological DMARDs with one another

*Can be used with a nonbiological though

49
Q

What are the properties of a drug that ends in:

-cept

A

Fusion of the receptor to the Fc part of IgG1

50
Q

What are the potent NSAIDs that are recommended for Acute Gout

A
  • Naproxen
  • Indomethacin
  • Celecoxib
51
Q

What is the only biological DMARD that is not injection

A

Tofacitinib

52
Q

What is the risk factor with hydroxychloroquine

A

Retinal damage

53
Q

Which HLA can increase the risk of Stevens Johnson syndrome with allopurinol

A

HLA-B*5801

Commonly seen in Thai and Han Chinese

54
Q

What are the properties of a drug that ends in:

-ximab

A

Chimeric antibody

55
Q

What are the side effects of sulfasalazine

A
  • GI effectors
  • a sulfa drug
  • Inhibts folate uptake, so supplementation may be needed
56
Q

Is hydroxychloroquine safe for pregnancy?

A

Yes

57
Q

How do glucocorticoids work

A

Binds to the receptors to Decreased the amount of NFkB and AP1 factors

Inhibitor of PLA2

58
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ziconotide

A

N type Calcium antagonist

Robbins Pathology MSK (Chapters 24,25,26) (7 decks)

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