Pharm Exam 2

Question 1

Spasmolytics tend to be acting in which location and what is the mechanism

Answer 1

CNS acting, and reduce spasms such as back pain

Question 2

What is a potential impact of aminocglycosides toxicity

Answer 2

• ototoxicity
• Nephrotoxicity
• NMJ blockade

Question 3

Which chronic conditions is contraindicated for use of an aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Myasthenia gravis (Due to blockade and the NMJ)

Question 4

Which AChE inhibitor is at the highest risk of hallucinations

Answer 4

Physostigmine (crosses the blood brain Barrier due to being lipid soluble)

Question 5

Which drug can be paired with an AchE inhibitor to reduce diarrhea

Answer 5

AChE inhibitor = PNS

-Glycopyrrolate (acts at the mACh to affect the diarrhea only, not affecting the nACh and NMJ)

Question 6

What balance of drugs can be administered to induce anesthesia

Answer 6

Propofol +:

-NM blockers

Question 7

Which drug Is administered to counteract the hypotension that is seen with the curares

Answer 7

Curare: causes histamine release causes hypotension

-So we use histamine 1 antagonist

Question 8

Which drug is indicated as a anxiolytics and sedative drug

Answer 8

Carisoprodol

The metabolite meprpbamate is what does the anti anxiety

Question 9

What is a cream

Answer 9

Half water, half oil with an emulsifier

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a cream

Answer 10

Spread easily, well absorbed, and wash off with water

Question 11

What is the make up of ointments

Answer 11

80% oil and 20% water

Question 12

What are the characteristics of ointments

Answer 12

Feel grease, stay on the surface

• Best on dry skin, as not absorbed well
• Less likely to cause an allergic reaction

Question 13

Which bug is immune to the alcohol based hand sanitizer

Answer 13

C. difficile

Question 14

Which drug is commonly used to help protect against the drug induced photosensitivity

Answer 14

Dibenzoylmethamines

*Contains UVA protection

Question 15

What is the very effective broad spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used

Answer 15

Chlorhexidine as high efficacy on skin (including oral mucosa) and low irritability

Question 16

What is the origin for becaplermin

Answer 16

PDGF

Question 17

Those using becaplermin have an increased risk for

Answer 17

Malignancy

Question 18

Ketoconazole has which affect on CYP450

Answer 18

Inhibits

Question 19

When is nystatin used

Answer 19

Candida infections that are localized or in the mucosa

Question 20

What is amphotericin used fro

Answer 20

Alerts membrane permeability

Candida infection

**Can cause yellowing of the localized skin

Question 21

What is the mechanism of imidazoles

Answer 21

Blocks ergosterol synthesis

Question 22

What is the use, mechansim of ciclopirox

Answer 22

Broad spectrum antimycotic agent by disrupting macromolecular synthesis

Question 23

What is the use, mechansim of terbinafine

Answer 23

Inhibits squareness epoxidase, which synthesizes ergosterol

Question 24

When must terbinafine be avoided

Answer 24

Contact with mucous membranes

Question 25

What is the use, mechansim of tolnaftate

Answer 25

Synthetic antifungal, disrupts mycelia growth

Question 26

What is given orally to treat oncychomycosis

Answer 26

Terbinafine

Question 27

What is used to treat dermatophyte infections of the scalp and non hairy skin caused by epidermiphyton, microsporangia, and trickophyton

Answer 27

Griseofulvin

Question 28

What is the use, mechansim of acyclovir

Answer 28

Guanine analog against herpes

Question 29

Which drugs are useful in anogential pruritis

Answer 29

Topical calcineurin inhibitors such as:

• tacromilus
• pimecrolimus

Question 30

Which class of drug can really help relieve itching

Answer 30

Alpha agonists

Such as:
-Brimonidine
-Oxymetazoline
-
Naphazoline
-tetrahydrozoline
-phenylephrine
-oxymetazoline

Question 31

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for malathion

Answer 31

Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 32

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for permethrin

Answer 32

Binds to insect sodium channels and blocks membrane repolarization

Question 33

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for ivermectin

Answer 33

Binds to glutamate chloride channels in invertebrates

Question 34

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for lindane

Answer 34

Disrupts the gabanergic transmission in insects

Question 35

What is the drug strongest in treatment of acne

Answer 35

Tretinoin

Question 36

What are the adverse effects of using tetracycline

Answer 36

Photosensitivity, then grey teeth in children who mothers used it

Question 37

WHat is the use and MOA for apremilast

Answer 37

PDE4 inhibitor used in managing psoriasis

Question 38

Other than some cancers, what is 5-fluorouricil useful in treating

Answer 38

Actinic keratosis