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NPLEX 2 - Pb > PHARM (A-F) > Flashcards

PHARM (A-F) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the indication of 5-fluorouracil?

A

Cancer (breast cancer, topical for basal cell carcinoma)

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2
Q

What are top SE of 5-fluorouracil?

A

CNS damage, toxic, dermatitis

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3
Q

What is acetaminophen used for?

A

Mild to moderate pain

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4
Q

What is an antidote for acetaminophen?

A

N-ACETYL-cysteine

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5
Q

What is the indication for acyclovir?

A

ANTI-VIRAL: Varicella, herpes zoster, genital herpes

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6
Q

What is the indication of adalimumab?

A

RA, AS, Crohn’s, psoriasis

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7
Q

What is the MOA for adalimumab?

A

Down regulates inflammatory rx in auto-immune diseases. It is a TNF-alpha deactivator

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8
Q

What are some SE of adalimumab?

A

Nausea/injection site rx/opportunistic infx, URTI, abdominal pain, lymphoma

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9
Q

What is the indication for adefovir?

A

Hep B and HSV

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10
Q

What is the MOA of adefovir?

A

Blocks reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for HBV to reproduce in the body.

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11
Q

What are some SE of adefovir?

A

May cause kidney damage, liver damage

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12
Q

Albuterol is used for asthma and COPD. What is the difference between salbutamol vs. salmeterol?

A

Salbutamol: SHORT acting Beta2-agonist
Salmeterol: LONG acting (slower onset)

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13
Q

What is the indication for alendronate (fosamax)?

A

Osteoporosis

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14
Q

What is the SE of alendronate (fosamax)?

A

Rare: esophageal strictures, renal impairment, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures

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15
Q

What is the MOA of alendronate?

A

Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption.

Bisphosphonate drug

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16
Q

What is the indication of alprazolam (Xanax)?

A

Anxiolytic, insomnia

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17
Q

What is the indication for amantadine?

A

Influenza A - blocks viral acidification and release of RNA into cytoplasm

Parkinson’s disease (helps levodopa-induced dyskinesia in later stages)

Off label for MS

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18
Q

What are some SE of amantadine?

A

Agitation, hallucination, leg edema, erythema, livedo reticularis (reddish blue skin pattern - most common)

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19
Q

What is the indication for amiodarone?

A

Arrhythmia (ATRIAL FIB, vent fib/vent tach)
HF with arrhythmia

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20
Q

When is amiodarone CI?

A

Use of lidocaine, severe sinus-node dysfunction, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, syncope

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21
Q

What is the indication for amitriptyline?

A

Tri-cyclic antidpressant (major depressive disorder)

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22
Q

What are some AE of anticholinergic activity of amitriptyline?

A

Dry mouth/dizziness/tremor/blurred vision

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23
Q

Which herb does amitriptyline interact with?

A

Belladonna/hyoscyamus/datura

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24
Q

What are some AE of amitriptyline?

A

Sexual function, antihistaminergic (Sedation/weight gain), orthostatic hypotension in elderly

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25
Q

What is the indication of amlodipine?

A

HTN, calcium channel blocker

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26
Q

What is the indication for amoxicillin?

A

B-lactam antibiotic used for infections/osteomyelitis

(strep/sinusitis/pneumonia/UTI/chlamydia/OM)

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27
Q

SE of amoxicillin

A

N +V, rash, colitis, GI,

decreases efficacy of OCP

increases methotrexate levels

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28
Q

Anastrazole indication

A

Breast cancer

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29
Q

Anastrazole MOA

A

Aromatase p450 inhibitor, reduce estrogen, inhibits conversion of androgen to estrogen in peripheral tissue

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30
Q

Anastrazole SE

A

Bone weakness

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31
Q

Androstenedione indication.

A

NEVER. Drug of abuse, anabolic steroid (testosterone deficient)

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32
Q

Aspirin SE

A

GI issues
Reye’s syndrome in children (liver failure/edema/death)

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33
Q

Atenolol/propanolol indication and MOA

A

HTN
B-blocker

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34
Q

Atenolol/propanolol SE

A

Dizzy/lightheaded/tired/drowsy/depressed

Rare: hyperglycemia/depression/HF

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35
Q

What do you need to monitor when prescribing atorvastatin?

A

Liver function every 3 months

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36
Q

Atorvastin AE

A

Increased CK, mild upper GI disturbance, sleep issues, headache, rash

MYOPATHY, COQ10 depletion

Rare: periph neuro, impotence

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37
Q

Atorvastatin MOA

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

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38
Q

Atropine indication

A

Glaucoma, bradycardia, can manage cholinergic sx and acute diarrhea

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39
Q

Atorvastatin indication

A

Primarily lowers LDL

Prevention of CAD

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40
Q

MOA of atropine

A

mACh R antagonist (ocular and GI)

Parasympathetic inhibitor - dilates pupil, increase HR, reduce salivation

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41
Q

Azithromycin indication.

A

Infections - AOM, pneumonia, PID, traveller’s diarrhea

Effective against GRAM-NEGATIVE

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42
Q

Bisacodyl indication

A

Laxative (stimulant) for constipation
Possibly for pts on long-term opioid therapy

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43
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate indication

A

Antacid, anti-diarrhea

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44
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate SAFETY

A

Avoid in preg, can lead to increase perinatal mortality

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45
Q

Bromocriptine indication

A

Adjunct to PD, hyperprolactinemia, T2DM, amenorrhea, infertility

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46
Q

Bromocriptine MOA

A

Dopamine agonist

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47
Q

Bromocriptine SE

A

N+V, hypotension, hallucinations, psychosis,
erythromelalgia (burning/redness of extremities)

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48
Q

Bupropion indication (wellbutrin)

A

Depression, anxiety, SMOKING cessation

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49
Q

Bupropion SE

A

Does not cause weight gain or sexual dysfunction.
Otherwise, similar to anti-depressants (agitation, insomnia,
anorexia)

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50
Q

Bupropion CI

A

Eating disorder

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51
Q

Buspirone indication

A

GAD – the drug most other drugs are compared to when
trying to establish effectiveness

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52
Q

Buspirone SE

A

Nausea, headache, dizzy, restlessness

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53
Q

Capsaicin indication

A

Irritant used topically to reduce pain, pruritis

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54
Q

Capsaicin MOA

A

Reduce substance P (sensory nerve for pain)
Analgesic, TRPV1 agonist

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55
Q

Carbamazepine indication

A

Anti-convulsant
Seizures/epilepsy
Mania/bipolar

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56
Q

Carbamazepine SE

A

RASH (5-10%), increased liver enzymes, neutropenia
(transient)

Rare: Aplastic anemia

57
Q

Carisoprodol indication

A

Muscle relaxant : Pain relief, sedation, anti-anxiety

58
Q

Carisoprodol SAFETY

A

Abuse potential, mixed with date rape drugs

59
Q

Carvedilol indication

A

CHF, Slows heart rhythm, lowers BP

60
Q

Carvedilol SE

A

Dizzy, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, fluid retention, ED

61
Q

Cefdinir/cephalexin indication

A

Otitis, resp infx, osteomyelitis

62
Q

Cefdinir/Cephalexin SE

A

SE: diarrhea, N+V, rash, headache, abdo pain

63
Q

Celecoxib indication

A

OA, RA, pain, AS

64
Q

Celecoxib MOA

A

Selective NSAID, COX-2 inhibitor

65
Q

celecoxib SE

A

Skin reactions

66
Q

Celecoxib CI

A

Cardio patients (risk of MI and
stroke), increased risk of bleeding

Pg class C

Anaphylaxis, Cardiovascular events, GI, Skin

67
Q

Ciprofloxacin BLACK BOX

A

Tendinitis, tendon rupture

68
Q

What does ciprofloxacin prevent?

A

Anthrax (serious infectious dz)

69
Q

Clindamycin indication.

A

Acne, MRSA, protozoa (malaria)

70
Q

Clonodine indication

A

HTN, dysmenorrhea, tourette’s, ADHD

71
Q

Clonidine Interaction

A

Avoid concurrently with TCA’s, ethanol

72
Q

Clonidine SE

A

Dry mouth, tired, weak, headache, nervous (Like you’ve
been cloned) – can exacerbate depression

73
Q

Clopidogrel indication

A

Anti-platelet (stroke, MI, PAD, CAD)

74
Q

Codeine indication

A

Pain

In combination, for cough, short-term use (not
recommended for ACE inhibitor)

75
Q

Colchicine indication

A

Gout

76
Q

Colchicine SE

A

SE: abd pain, cramps, diarrhea, nausea

Rare: Neuropathy, bone marrow suppression

77
Q

Cyclobenzaprine indication

A

Pain, Muscle relaxant (short-term use).
Fibromyalgia

78
Q

Cyclobenzaprine interaction

A

Alcohol, TCA, MAOI

79
Q

Cyclobenzaprine SE

A

drowsy, dry mouth, dizzy

Not rec. in elderly

80
Q

Cyclosporine indication

A

Prevent transplant rejection
RA, psoriasis
Immune suppressant

81
Q

Cyclosporine is a P450 drug and has many drug INTX. T/F

A

True

82
Q

SE of cyclosporine

A

Renal toxicity (monitor renal function), hypertension,
seizures

Cancer, infection, lymphoma

83
Q

Cyproheptadine indication

A

Prophylactic for headache in children
Red, itchy, watery eyes, runny nose – hayfever
Allergies (anti-histamine)

84
Q

Cyproheptadine SE

A

Sedation, increased appetite/weight gain

Dry mouth, nose, throat, drowsy, dizzy

85
Q

Deferoxamine indication

A

Iron-chelator - hemochromatosis

DE-FER, as in “De-ferritin”

86
Q

Deferoxamine ROA

A

Injection

87
Q

Deferoxamine SE

A

allergic reaction, tachycardia, flushing, abdominal
discomfort

88
Q

Desmopressin indication

A

Bedwetting in children, nocturia

Used in conjunction with nonpharm tx

89
Q

Desmopressin CI

A

Kidney disease, HF, diabetes

90
Q

Dexamethasone indication

A

Anti-inflam (arthritis, colitis, allergies, asthma)
Immunosuppressant

91
Q

Dexamethasone SE

A

May raise blood glucose.

GI (irritation, vomit), easy bruising

92
Q

Dextroamphetamine indication

A

Stimulant (amphetamine)

ADHD, narcolepsy

93
Q

Dextroamphetamine SE

A

Common: anorexia, insom, dizzy

Transient: Zombie-like, psychotic reaction

Rare: cardiac death, seizures

94
Q

Dextromethorpham indication

A

Anti-tussive

95
Q

Dextromethorphan SE

A

not recommend in children under 6, or those with asthma

SE: rash, nausea, dizzy (all RARE)

96
Q

DHEA indication

A

Hormone (steroid)
Reverse aging, improve cognition, slow Alzheimer
ED
SLE, osteoporosis, MS, depression
Weight loss
ETC

97
Q

DHEA AE

A

In women, DHEA may cause decreased breast size, a deep voice, increased genital size, irregular periods, oily skin, and unnatural hair growth.

In men, DHEA may cause aggression, breast tenderness or
enlargement, decreased testes size, and urinary urgency.

98
Q

Diazepam indication

A

Valium

Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, relaxant

Used in management of alcohol withdrawal

99
Q

Diazepam CI

A

Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, liver dz, depression

100
Q

diazepam SE

A

Impair motor function (tremor), hallucination, depression

101
Q

Dicyclomine indication

A

IBS (two-cycles, constip/diarrh – dicyclo)

Anticholinergic, anti-spasmodic

102
Q

Digoxin indication

A

HF (atrial fib) - slows HR

103
Q

Digoxin AE

A

anorexia, nausea, fatigue, dizzy, arrhythmia

104
Q

Digoxin has no drug interaction. T/F

A

FALSE. It has too MANY

105
Q

Diphenhydramine (benadryl) indication

A

Allergic rhinitis, allergies

106
Q

Diphenhydramine safety

A

Avoid in narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary obstruction (BPH),
GI obstruction

107
Q

DMPS/DMSA indication

A

Chelating heavy metals

Mercury chelation

108
Q

Docusate indication

A

Constipation, laxative

109
Q

Donepezil indication

A

Dementia, Alzheimer (cholinesterase inhibitor)

Lower seizure threshold, inc. risk GI bleed

110
Q

COMMON SE of donepezil

A

Headache, nausea, diarrhea

111
Q

Donepezil drug intx.

A

In combo with anticholinergics, beta-blocker, calcium
channel blocker - bradycardia

112
Q

Doxorubicin indication

A

Cancer, many types incl. lymphoma

113
Q

Doxorubicin ROA

A

Injection

114
Q

Doxorubicin SE

A

Many, heart problems, bone marrow suppression

Lots of common SE, long list (ha, dizzy, abd)

115
Q

Doxycycline indication

A

Antibiotic (tetracycline)

Lyme disease, prostatitis, PID, acne

Anti-protozoal (malaria)

116
Q

Doxycycline SE

A

Rash in sun-exposed areas

GI effects: yeast overgrowth, photosensitivity as above, CI in
kids under 8 and preg

117
Q

DPT vaccine (Tdap) indication

A

Diphtheria
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Tetanus

118
Q

Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA) indication

A

Chelating heavy metals

Mercury, lead

Possibly as antioxidant for atherosclerosis

119
Q

EDTA SE

A

abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, headache, low blood pressure, skin problems, and
fever.

Short-term use best

120
Q

Epinephrine/adrenaline indication

A

Emerg Med

Treat life-threatening allergic reactions

121
Q

Epinephrine/adrenaline SE

A

difficulty breathing, tachycard, N+V, sweat

122
Q

How do you use epinephrine/adrenaline?

A

1) Pull off cap, aim for middle of outer thigh
2) Push hard, count to 10, remove auto-injector
3) Call 911

Injection: 1000, IV: 10,000
4 R’s (medication, time, person, dose)

123
Q

Epoetin indication

A

Anemia

124
Q

Epoetin ROA

A

Injection

125
Q

Epoetin SE

A

Hypertension, headache, seizure, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea

Increase risk of DVT and thrombosis

126
Q

Esomeprazole indication

A

GERD (PPI)

127
Q

Which nutrient does esomeprazole deplete?

A

B12 absorption, anything that requires acid

128
Q

Finasteride indication

A

BPH

129
Q

Finasteride SE

A

Sexual dysfunction

130
Q

Fluconazole indication

A

Yeast infx

131
Q

Fluconazole MOA

A

Inhibits CYP3A4

132
Q

Fluoxetine indication (Prozac)

A

SSRI, depression/anxiety

133
Q

fluoxetine SE

A

Nausea, nervous, anorexia, insom, sex
dysfunction, risk of GI bleeding

BIG SE: SUICIDAL in young (under age 24)

BIG SE? INTERACT WITH 5-HTP, tryptophan, etc

134
Q

fluticasone indication

A

Asthma, allergic rhinitis - can be sprayed in nostrils

135
Q

Furosemide indication

A

Edema, hypertension

136
Q

Furosemide MOA

A

LOOP DIURETIC

137
Q

Furosemide AE

A

Gout due to hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, decreases
Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg++, volume depletion, metabolic alkalosis,
rash

138
Q

Furosemide SE

A

Cramps, weakness, dizzy, thirst

NPLEX 2 - Pb (9 decks)

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