PHARM (A-F) Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
What is the indication of 5-fluorouracil?
A
Cancer (breast cancer, topical for basal cell carcinoma)
2
Q
What are top SE of 5-fluorouracil?
A
CNS damage, toxic, dermatitis
3
Q
What is acetaminophen used for?
A
Mild to moderate pain
4
Q
What is an antidote for acetaminophen?
A
N-ACETYL-cysteine
5
Q
What is the indication for acyclovir?
A
ANTI-VIRAL: Varicella, herpes zoster, genital herpes
6
Q
What is the indication of adalimumab?
A
RA, AS, Crohn’s, psoriasis
7
Q
What is the MOA for adalimumab?
A
Down regulates inflammatory rx in auto-immune diseases. It is a TNF-alpha deactivator
8
Q
What are some SE of adalimumab?
A
Nausea/injection site rx/opportunistic infx, URTI, abdominal pain, lymphoma
9
Q
What is the indication for adefovir?
A
Hep B and HSV
10
Q
What is the MOA of adefovir?
A
Blocks reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for HBV to reproduce in the body.
11
Q
What are some SE of adefovir?
A
May cause kidney damage, liver damage
12
Q
Albuterol is used for asthma and COPD. What is the difference between salbutamol vs. salmeterol?
A
Salbutamol: SHORT acting Beta2-agonist
Salmeterol: LONG acting (slower onset)
13
Q
What is the indication for alendronate (fosamax)?
A
Osteoporosis
14
Q
What is the SE of alendronate (fosamax)?
A
Rare: esophageal strictures, renal impairment, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures
15
Q
What is the MOA of alendronate?
A
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption.
Bisphosphonate drug
16
Q
What is the indication of alprazolam (Xanax)?
A
Anxiolytic, insomnia
17
Q
What is the indication for amantadine?
A
Influenza A - blocks viral acidification and release of RNA into cytoplasm
Parkinson’s disease (helps levodopa-induced dyskinesia in later stages)
Off label for MS
18
Q
What are some SE of amantadine?
A
Agitation, hallucination, leg edema, erythema, livedo reticularis (reddish blue skin pattern - most common)
19
Q
What is the indication for amiodarone?
A
Arrhythmia (ATRIAL FIB, vent fib/vent tach)
HF with arrhythmia
20
Q
When is amiodarone CI?
A
Use of lidocaine, severe sinus-node dysfunction, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, syncope
21
Q
What is the indication for amitriptyline?
A
Tri-cyclic antidpressant (major depressive disorder)
22
Q
What are some AE of anticholinergic activity of amitriptyline?
A
Dry mouth/dizziness/tremor/blurred vision
23
Q
Which herb does amitriptyline interact with?
A
Belladonna/hyoscyamus/datura
24
Q
What are some AE of amitriptyline?
A
Sexual function, antihistaminergic (Sedation/weight gain), orthostatic hypotension in elderly
25
What is the indication of amlodipine?
HTN, calcium channel blocker
26
What is the indication for amoxicillin?
B-lactam antibiotic used for infections/osteomyelitis
(strep/sinusitis/pneumonia/UTI/chlamydia/OM)
27
SE of amoxicillin
N +V, rash, colitis, GI,
decreases efficacy of OCP
increases methotrexate levels
28
Anastrazole indication
Breast cancer
29
Anastrazole MOA
Aromatase p450 inhibitor, reduce estrogen, inhibits conversion of androgen to estrogen in peripheral tissue
30
Anastrazole SE
Bone weakness
31
Androstenedione indication.
NEVER. Drug of abuse, anabolic steroid (testosterone deficient)
32
Aspirin SE
GI issues
Reye’s syndrome in children (liver failure/edema/death)
33
Atenolol/propanolol indication and MOA
HTN
B-blocker
34
Atenolol/propanolol SE
Dizzy/lightheaded/tired/drowsy/depressed
Rare: hyperglycemia/depression/HF
35
What do you need to monitor when prescribing atorvastatin?
Liver function every 3 months
36
Atorvastin AE
Increased CK, mild upper GI disturbance, sleep issues, headache, rash
MYOPATHY, COQ10 depletion
Rare: periph neuro, impotence
37
Atorvastatin MOA
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
38
Atropine indication
Glaucoma, bradycardia, can manage cholinergic sx and acute diarrhea
39
Atorvastatin indication
Primarily lowers LDL
Prevention of CAD
40
MOA of atropine
mACh R antagonist (ocular and GI)
Parasympathetic inhibitor - dilates pupil, increase HR, reduce salivation
41
Azithromycin indication.
Infections - AOM, pneumonia, PID, traveller’s diarrhea
Effective against GRAM-NEGATIVE
42
Bisacodyl indication
Laxative (stimulant) for constipation
Possibly for pts on long-term opioid therapy
43
Bismuth subsalicylate indication
Antacid, anti-diarrhea
44
Bismuth subsalicylate SAFETY
Avoid in preg, can lead to increase perinatal mortality
45
Bromocriptine indication
Adjunct to PD, hyperprolactinemia, T2DM, amenorrhea, infertility
46
Bromocriptine MOA
Dopamine agonist
47
Bromocriptine SE
N+V, hypotension, hallucinations, psychosis,
erythromelalgia (burning/redness of extremities)
48
Bupropion indication (wellbutrin)
Depression, anxiety, SMOKING cessation
49
Bupropion SE
Does not cause weight gain or sexual dysfunction.
Otherwise, similar to anti-depressants (agitation, insomnia,
anorexia)
50
Bupropion CI
Eating disorder
51
Buspirone indication
GAD – the drug most other drugs are compared to when
trying to establish effectiveness
52
Buspirone SE
Nausea, headache, dizzy, restlessness
53
Capsaicin indication
Irritant used topically to reduce pain, pruritis
54
Capsaicin MOA
Reduce substance P (sensory nerve for pain)
Analgesic, TRPV1 agonist
55
Carbamazepine indication
Anti-convulsant
Seizures/epilepsy
Mania/bipolar
56
Carbamazepine SE
RASH (5-10%), increased liver enzymes, neutropenia
(transient)
Rare: Aplastic anemia
57
Carisoprodol indication
Muscle relaxant : Pain relief, sedation, anti-anxiety
58
Carisoprodol SAFETY
Abuse potential, mixed with date rape drugs
59
Carvedilol indication
CHF, Slows heart rhythm, lowers BP
60
Carvedilol SE
Dizzy, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, fluid retention, ED
61
Cefdinir/cephalexin indication
Otitis, resp infx, osteomyelitis
62
Cefdinir/Cephalexin SE
SE: diarrhea, N+V, rash, headache, abdo pain
63
Celecoxib indication
OA, RA, pain, AS
64
Celecoxib MOA
Selective NSAID, COX-2 inhibitor
65
celecoxib SE
Skin reactions
66
Celecoxib CI
Cardio patients (risk of MI and
stroke), increased risk of bleeding
Pg class C
Anaphylaxis, Cardiovascular events, GI, Skin
67
Ciprofloxacin BLACK BOX
Tendinitis, tendon rupture
68
What does ciprofloxacin prevent?
Anthrax (serious infectious dz)
69
Clindamycin indication.
Acne, MRSA, protozoa (malaria)
70
Clonodine indication
HTN, dysmenorrhea, tourette’s, ADHD
71
Clonidine Interaction
Avoid concurrently with TCA’s, ethanol
72
Clonidine SE
Dry mouth, tired, weak, headache, nervous (Like you’ve
been cloned) – can exacerbate depression
73
Clopidogrel indication
Anti-platelet (stroke, MI, PAD, CAD)
74
Codeine indication
Pain
In combination, for cough, short-term use (not
recommended for ACE inhibitor)
75
Colchicine indication
Gout
76
Colchicine SE
SE: abd pain, cramps, diarrhea, nausea
Rare: Neuropathy, bone marrow suppression
77
Cyclobenzaprine indication
Pain, Muscle relaxant (short-term use).
Fibromyalgia
78
Cyclobenzaprine interaction
Alcohol, TCA, MAOI
79
Cyclobenzaprine SE
drowsy, dry mouth, dizzy
Not rec. in elderly
80
Cyclosporine indication
Prevent transplant rejection
RA, psoriasis
Immune suppressant
81
Cyclosporine is a P450 drug and has many drug INTX. T/F
True
82
SE of cyclosporine
Renal toxicity (monitor renal function), hypertension,
seizures
Cancer, infection, lymphoma
83
Cyproheptadine indication
Prophylactic for headache in children
Red, itchy, watery eyes, runny nose – hayfever
Allergies (anti-histamine)
84
Cyproheptadine SE
Sedation, increased appetite/weight gain
Dry mouth, nose, throat, drowsy, dizzy
85
Deferoxamine indication
Iron-chelator - hemochromatosis
DE-FER, as in “De-ferritin”
86
Deferoxamine ROA
Injection
87
Deferoxamine SE
allergic reaction, tachycardia, flushing, abdominal
discomfort
88
Desmopressin indication
Bedwetting in children, nocturia
Used in conjunction with nonpharm tx
89
Desmopressin CI
Kidney disease, HF, diabetes
90
Dexamethasone indication
Anti-inflam (arthritis, colitis, allergies, asthma)
Immunosuppressant
91
Dexamethasone SE
May raise blood glucose.
GI (irritation, vomit), easy bruising
92
Dextroamphetamine indication
Stimulant (amphetamine)
ADHD, narcolepsy
93
Dextroamphetamine SE
Common: anorexia, insom, dizzy
Transient: Zombie-like, psychotic reaction
Rare: cardiac death, seizures
94
Dextromethorpham indication
Anti-tussive
95
Dextromethorphan SE
not recommend in children under 6, or those with asthma
SE: rash, nausea, dizzy (all RARE)
96
DHEA indication
Hormone (steroid)
Reverse aging, improve cognition, slow Alzheimer
ED
SLE, osteoporosis, MS, depression
Weight loss
ETC
97
DHEA AE
In women, DHEA may cause decreased breast size, a deep voice, increased genital size, irregular periods, oily skin, and unnatural hair growth.
In men, DHEA may cause aggression, breast tenderness or
enlargement, decreased testes size, and urinary urgency.
98
Diazepam indication
Valium
Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, relaxant
Used in management of alcohol withdrawal
99
Diazepam CI
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, liver dz, depression
100
diazepam SE
Impair motor function (tremor), hallucination, depression
101
Dicyclomine indication
IBS (two-cycles, constip/diarrh – dicyclo)
Anticholinergic, anti-spasmodic
102
Digoxin indication
HF (atrial fib) - slows HR
103
Digoxin AE
anorexia, nausea, fatigue, dizzy, arrhythmia
104
Digoxin has no drug interaction. T/F
FALSE. It has too MANY
105
Diphenhydramine (benadryl) indication
Allergic rhinitis, allergies
106
Diphenhydramine safety
Avoid in narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary obstruction (BPH),
GI obstruction
107
DMPS/DMSA indication
Chelating heavy metals
Mercury chelation
108
Docusate indication
Constipation, laxative
109
Donepezil indication
Dementia, Alzheimer (cholinesterase inhibitor)
Lower seizure threshold, inc. risk GI bleed
110
COMMON SE of donepezil
Headache, nausea, diarrhea
111
Donepezil drug intx.
In combo with anticholinergics, beta-blocker, calcium
channel blocker - bradycardia
112
Doxorubicin indication
Cancer, many types incl. lymphoma
113
Doxorubicin ROA
Injection
114
Doxorubicin SE
Many, heart problems, bone marrow suppression
Lots of common SE, long list (ha, dizzy, abd)
115
Doxycycline indication
Antibiotic (tetracycline)
Lyme disease, prostatitis, PID, acne
Anti-protozoal (malaria)
116
Doxycycline SE
Rash in sun-exposed areas
GI effects: yeast overgrowth, photosensitivity as above, CI in
kids under 8 and preg
117
DPT vaccine (Tdap) indication
Diphtheria
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Tetanus
118
Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA) indication
Chelating heavy metals
Mercury, lead
Possibly as antioxidant for atherosclerosis
119
EDTA SE
abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, headache, low blood pressure, skin problems, and
fever.
Short-term use best
120
Epinephrine/adrenaline indication
Emerg Med
Treat life-threatening allergic reactions
121
Epinephrine/adrenaline SE
difficulty breathing, tachycard, N+V, sweat
122
How do you use epinephrine/adrenaline?
1) Pull off cap, aim for middle of outer thigh
2) Push hard, count to 10, remove auto-injector
3) Call 911
Injection: 1000, IV: 10,000
4 R’s (medication, time, person, dose)
123
Epoetin indication
Anemia
124
Epoetin ROA
Injection
125
Epoetin SE
Hypertension, headache, seizure, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea
Increase risk of DVT and thrombosis
126
Esomeprazole indication
GERD (PPI)
127
Which nutrient does esomeprazole deplete?
B12 absorption, anything that requires acid
128
Finasteride indication
BPH
129
Finasteride SE
Sexual dysfunction
130
Fluconazole indication
Yeast infx
131
Fluconazole MOA
Inhibits CYP3A4
132
Fluoxetine indication (Prozac)
SSRI, depression/anxiety
133
fluoxetine SE
Nausea, nervous, anorexia, insom, sex
dysfunction, risk of GI bleeding
BIG SE: SUICIDAL in young (under age 24)
BIG SE? INTERACT WITH 5-HTP, tryptophan, etc
134
fluticasone indication
Asthma, allergic rhinitis - can be sprayed in nostrils
135
Furosemide indication
Edema, hypertension
136
Furosemide MOA
LOOP DIURETIC
137
Furosemide AE
Gout due to hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, decreases
Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg++, volume depletion, metabolic alkalosis,
rash
138
Furosemide SE
Cramps, weakness, dizzy, thirst
